Preventable Risk Factors for Dementia: Population Attributable Fractions in a Brazilian Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wyllians Vendramini Borelli ◽  
Vanessa Bielefeldt Leotti ◽  
Matheus Zschornack Strelow ◽  
Márcia Lorena Fagundes Chaves ◽  
Raphael Machado Castilhos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Population Attributable Fractions ◽  
Attributable Fractions

Risk factors for sporadicVibrio parahaemolyticusgastroenteritis in east China: a matched case-control study

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 1020-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. X. YAN ◽  
Y. DAI ◽  
Y. J. ZHOU ◽  
H. LIU ◽  
S. G. DUAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Population Attributable Fractions ◽  
Attributable Fractions ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYTo determine risk factors for sporadicVibrio parahaemolyticusgastroenteritis, we conducted a population-based case-control study in sentinel hospital surveillance areas of Shanghai and Jiangsu province, China. Seventy-one patients with diarrhoea and confirmedV. parahaemolyticusinfections were enrolled, and they were matched with 142 controls for gender, age and residential area. From the multivariable analysis,V. parahaemolyticusinfections were associated with antibiotics taken during the 4 weeks prior to illness [odds ratio (OR) 8·1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·2–56·4)], frequent eating out (OR 3·3, 95% CI 1·1–10·1), and shellfish consumption (OR 3·2, 95% CI 1·0–9·9), with population-attributable fractions of 0·09, 0·25, and 0·14, respectively. Protective factors included keeping the aquatic products refrigerated (OR 0·4, 95% CI 0·1–0·9) and pork consumption (OR 0·2, 95% CI 0·1–0·8). Further study of the association ofV. parahaemolyticusgastroenteritis with prior antibiotic use and shellfish consumption is needed.

scholarly journals 1396. Risk Factors for Brain Abscess: A Nationwide Population-based Nested Case–Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S507-S508
Author(s):  
Jacob Bodilsen ◽  
Michael Dalager-Pedersen ◽  
Diederik van de Beek ◽  
Matthijs C Brouwer ◽  
Henrik Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Population Attributable Fractions ◽  
Attributable Fractions ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Population Controls ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Knowledge of risk factors for brain abscess is limited and relies on single-center cohorts without control groups. Methods We accessed nationwide medical registries to conduct a population-based nested case–control study of risk factors for brain abscess. We applied risk set sampling for selection of population controls (1:10) individually matched by age, sex, and area of residence. Conditional logistic regression was used to compute adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Next, population attributable fractions were calculated. Results We identified 1,384 brain abscess patients in Denmark from 1982 through 2016 and 13,839 matched population controls. The median age was 50 years (interquartile range 33–63) and 37% were female. Cases often had a Charlson comorbidity score>2 (16%) compared with controls (3%). Adjusted ORs were: head trauma 2.15 (1.72–2.70), neurosurgery 19.3 (14.3–26.0), dental infection 4.61 (3.39–6.26) or surgery 2.57 (1.71–3.84), ear-nose-throat infection 3.81 (3.11–4.67) or surgery 2.85 (2.21–3.70), congenital heart disease 15.6 (9.57–25.4), diabetes mellitus 1.74 (1.33–2.29), alcohol abuse 2.22 (1.58–3.11), liver disease 2.37 (1.53–3.68), kidney disease 2.04 (1.30–3.20), and lung abscess or bronchiectasis 8.15 (3.59–18.5). The aORs were 4.12 (3.37–5.04) and 8.77 (5.66–13.6) for solid and hematological cancer, 12.0 (6.13–23.7) for HIV, and 5.71 (4.22–7.75) for immuno-modulating treatments. Risks were twice as high when risk factors were observed within 5 years before brain abscess. Population attributable fractions showed that neurosurgery (12%), solid cancer (11%), ear-nose-throat infections (7%) and immuno-modulating treatments (5%) were substantial contributors to occurrence of brain abscess. Conclusion Important risk factors included neurosurgery, cancer, ear-nose-throat infections and immuno-modulating treatments Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Trends in the prevalence of airflow limitation in a general Japanese population: two serial cross-sectional surveys from the Hisayama Study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e023673
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Ogata ◽  
Yoichiro Hirakawa ◽  
Koichiro Matsumoto ◽  
Jun Hata ◽  
Daigo Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Attributable Fractions ◽  
Attributable Fractions

ObjectivesChronic obstructive airway disease, which is characterised by airflow limitation, is a major burden on public health. Reductions in environmental pollution in the atmosphere and workplace and a decline in the prevalence of smoking over recent decades may have affected the prevalence of airflow limitation in Japan. The present epidemiological study aimed to evaluate trends in the prevalence of airflow limitation and in the influence of risk factors on airflow limitation in a Japanese community.DesignTwo serial cross-sectional surveys.SettingData from the Hisayama Study, a population-based prospective study that has been longitudinally conducted since 1961.ParticipantsA total of 1842 and 3033 residents aged ≥40 years with proper spirometric measurements participated in the 1967 and 2012 surveys, respectively.Main outcome measuresAirflow limitation was defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity <70% by spirometry. For each survey, the age-adjusted prevalence of airflow limitation was evaluated by sex. ORs and population attributable fractions of risk factors on the presence of airflow limitation were compared between surveys.ResultsThe age-standardised prevalence of airflow limitation decreased from 1967 to 2012 in both sexes (from 26.3% to 16.1% in men and from 19.8% to 10.5% in women). Smoking was significantly associated with higher likelihood of airflow limitation in both surveys, although the magnitude of its influence was greater in 2012 than in 1967 (the multivariable-adjusted OR was 1.63 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.24) in 1967 and 2.26 (95% CI 1.72 to 2.99) in 2012; p=0.007 for heterogeneity). Accordingly, the population attributable fraction of smoking on airflow limitation was 33.5% in 2012, which was 1.5-fold higher than that in 1967 (21.1%).ConclusionsThe prevalence of airflow limitation was decreased over 45 years in Japan, but the influence of smoking on airflow limitation increased with time.

scholarly journals To What Extent can Adolescent Suicide Attempts be Attributed to Violence Exposure? A Population-Based Study from Western Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Saewyc ◽  
Weihong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Adolescent Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Violence Victimization ◽  
Population Attributable Fractions ◽  
Attributable Fractions ◽  
Adolescent Health Survey

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents in Canada and globally. The purpose of our study was to calculate what proportion of adolescent suicide attempts could be prevented in the absence of verbal, physical, and sexual violence. Using the province-wide 2008 British Columbia Adolescent Health Survey (N = 29,315) we calculated population-attributable fractions for each type of violence, as well as exposure to any violence, separately by gender, among adolescents age 12–19. We found violence victimization is implicated in the majority of suicide attempts. Focusing on violence prevention may be an important strategy for reducing suicide among young people.

Risk Factors for Brain Abscess: A Nationwide, Population-Based, Nested Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1040-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Bodilsen ◽  
Michael Dalager-Pedersen ◽  
Diederik van de Beek ◽  
Matthijs C Brouwer ◽  
Henrik Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
Population Attributable Fractions ◽  
Attributable Fractions ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Population Controls ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Nose And Throat

Abstract Background Knowledge on risk factors for brain abscess is limited and relies on single-center cohort studies. Methods We accessed nationwide medical registries to conduct a population-based, nested case-control study of risk factors for brain abscess. We applied risk-set sampling for the selection of population controls (1:10), who were individually matched by age, sex, and area of residence. Conditional logistic regression was used to compute adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Population-attributable fractions were calculated. Results We identified 1384 brain abscess patients in Denmark from 1982 through 2016, and 13 839 matched population controls. The median age of patients was 50 years (interquartile range 33–63) and 37% were female. Cases often had Charlson comorbidity scores &gt;2 (16%), compared with controls (3%). Our calculated aORs were 2.15 (95% CI 1.72–2.70) for head trauma; 19.3 (95% CI 14.3–26.0) for neurosurgery; 4.61 (95% CI 3.39–6.26) for dental infections; 2.57 (95% CI 1.71–3.84) for dental surgery; 3.81 (95% CI 3.11–4.67) for ear, nose, and throat infection; 2.85 (95% CI 2.21–3.70) for ear, nose, and throat surgery; 15.6 (95% CI 9.57–25.4) for congenital heart disease; 1.74 (95% CI 1.33–2.29) for diabetes mellitus; 2.22 (95% CI 1.58–3.11) for alcohol abuse; 2.37 (95% CI 1.53–3.68) for liver disease; 2.04 (95% CI 1.30–3.20) for kidney disease and 8.15 (95% CI 3.59–18.5) for lung abscess or bronchiectasis. The aORs were 4.12 (95% CI 3.37–5.04) for solid cancer; 8.77 (95% CI 5.66–13.6) for hematological cancer; 12.0 (95% CI 6.13–23.7) for human immunodeficiency virus; and 5.71 (95% CI 4.22–7.75) for immunomodulating treatments. Population-attributable fractions showed were substantial contributors to the occurrence of brain abscess neurosurgery (12%); solid cancer (11%); ear, nose, and throat infections (7%); and immunomodulating treatments (5%). Conclusions Important risk factors included neurosurgery; cancer; ear, nose, and throat infections; and immunomodulating treatments.

Population attributable fractions and joint effects of key risk factors for multiple sclerosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
IAF van der Mei ◽  
RM Lucas ◽  
BV Taylor ◽  
PC Valery ◽  
T Dwyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Attributable Fractions ◽  
Attributable Fractions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cns Demyelination ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Additive Scale

Aim: We examined the combined effect of having multiple key risk factors and the interactions between the key risk factors of multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: We performed an incident case-control study including cases with a first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination (FCD) and population-based controls. Results: Compared to those without any risk factors, those with one, two, three, and four or five risk factors had increased odds of being an FCD case of 2.12 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11–4.03), 4.31 (95% CI, 2.24–8.31), 7.96 (95% CI, 3.84–16.49), and 21.24 (95% CI, 5.48–82.40), respectively. Only HLA-DR15 and history of infectious mononucleosis interacted significantly on the additive scale (Synergy index, 3.78; p = 0.03). The five key risk factors jointly accounted for 63.8% (95% CI, 43.9–91.4) of FCD onset. High anti-EBNA IgG was another important contributor. Conclusions: A high proportion of FCD onset can be explained by the currently known risk factors, with HLA-DR15, ever smoking and low cumulative sun exposure explaining most. We identified a significant interaction between HLA-DR15 and history of IM in predicting an FCD of CNS demyelination, which together with previous observations suggests that this is a true interaction.

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