Production of Crude Oil from Industrial Waste and Wastewaters by Hydrothermal Liquefaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan J. Mascarell ◽  
Francisco J. Ruiz-Jorge ◽  
José Abelleira-Pereira ◽  
Juan R. Portela ◽  
Enrique J. Martínez de la Ossa
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction

scholarly journals The Effect of Biomass-Water Ratio on Bio-crude Oil Production from Botryococcus braunii using Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laras Prasakti ◽  
Rochmadi Rochmadi ◽  
Arief Budiman
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Botryococcus Braunii ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Water Ratio

The increasing demand of energy in Indonesia has led to the urgency to conduct research and development in renewable energy. Biomass is one of the largest renewable energy sources in Indonesia. For biomass to energy conversion, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has been considered as one of the potential methods where biomass is processed using subcritical water to produce bio-oil, aqueous phase, gas, and solid product. In this research, the effect of biomass-water ratio on hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process of microalgae Botryococcus braunii has been investigated. The HTL was conducted using biomass/water ratio 1:10, 1:20 and 1:30 with various holding time for each ratio. The product was bio-crude oil with similar characteristics to crude oil. Experimental results showed that biomass-water ratio affected the distribution of bio-crude oil yields. For biomass-water ratio of 1:10 and 1:20, it was found that bio-crude oil yields reached a maximum at 20 minutes, while the highest bio-crude oil yield of 4% was obtained at biomass-water ratio of 1:10. On the other hand, with biomass-water ratio of 1:30, bio-crude oil yield was continuously increasing with holding time until it reached the maximum yield of 4% at 40 minutes of holding time. The aforementioned results indicated that the highest bio-crude oil yield was obtained using biomass-water ratio 1:10 and 20 minutes of HTL processing time. A B S T R A KPeruraian anaerobik merupakan salah satu bidang riset yang sangat menarik perhatian dalam era krisis energi. Biogas tidak hanya menyediakan energi alternatif, tetapi juga dapat mencegah pencemaran akibat limbah organik. Limbah lemak susu adalah substrat yang potensial untuk proses peruraian anaerobik karena memiliki potensi biogas teoritis yang tinggi akibat kandungan lemaknya yang tinggi. Namun, peruraian anaerobik dari limbah organik dengan kandungan lemak yang tinggi memiliki tantangan tersendiri. Hambatan utama dalam peruraian anaerobik dari limbah lemak susu adalah kecenderungan untuk membentuk lapisan padatan yang tidak larut dan mengapung di bagian atas fase cair. Fenomena ini menghambat akses bakteri hidrolisis terhadap substrat. Saponifikasi adalah salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kelarutan lapisan padatan tersebut, sehingga meningkatkan ketersediaan substrat untuk bakteri. Saponifikasi akan mengubah kandungan lemak menjadi sabun yang memiliki gugus fungsi polar maupun non-polar. Gugus fungsi yang bersifat polar akan meningkatkan kelarutan substrat dalam air. Studi ini mengevaluasi pengaruh dari berbagai dosis larutan basa yang ditambahkan sebagai reaktan selama perlakuan awal saponifikasi terhadap peruraian anaerobik limbah lemak susu. Kinetika proses peruraian anaerobik dianalisis dengan menggunakan model matematika. Variasi dosis yang diamati pengaruhnya untuk perlakuan awal saponifikasi adalah 0,04 mol basa/g sCOD; 0,02 mol basa/g sCOD; dan nol (tanpa perlakuan awal saponifikasi). Dari penelitian ini, terbukti bahwa saponifikasi berhasil meningkatkan kelarutan limbah lemak susu dan juga ditunjukkan oleh nilai konstanta hidrolisis (kH) 0,00782/hari lebih tinggi dua puluh kali lipat dibandingkan dengan nilai kH 0,00032/hari pada reaktor tanpa saponifikasi. Akan tetapi, penelitian ini juga mengindikasikan bahwa bakteri asidogenik bawaan substrat terhambat kinerjanya oleh paparan pH yang tinggi selama perlakuan awal saponifikasi berlangsung sehingga hasil gas metan yang diperoleh lebih rendah daripada reaktor kontrol.

<i>Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Food Waste: Bio-crude oil Characterization, Mass and Energy Balance</i>

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengameh Bayat ◽  
Feng Cheng ◽  
Mostafa Dehghanizadeh ◽  
Nicholas Soliz ◽  
Catherine E Brewer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Oil Characterization

Nutrient Flows and Quality of Bio-crude Oil Produced via Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Low-Lipid Microalgae

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1317-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Yu ◽  
Yuanhui Zhang ◽  
Bin Guo ◽  
Ted Funk ◽  
Lance Schideman
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Nutrient Flows

scholarly journals Sustainable production of bio-crude oil via hydrothermal liquefaction of symbiotically grown biomass of microalgae-bacteria coupled with effective wastewater treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gargi Goswami ◽  
Bidhu Bhusan Makut ◽  
Debasish Das
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Wastewater Remediation ◽  
Batch Mode

Abstract The study demonstrates a sustainable process for production of bio-crude oil via hydrothermal liquefaction of microbial biomass generated through co-cultivation of microalgae and bacteria coupled with wastewater remediation. Biomass concentration and wastewater treatment efficiency of a tertiary consortium (two microalgae and two bacteria) was evaluated on four different wastewater samples. Total biomass concentration, total nitrogen and COD removal efficiency was found to be 3.17 g L−1, 99.95% and 95.16% respectively when consortium was grown using paper industry wastewater in a photobioreactor under batch mode. Biomass concentration was enhanced to 4.1 g L−1 through intermittent feeding of nitrogen source and phosphate. GC-MS and FTIR analysis of bio-crude oil indicates abundance of the hydrocarbon fraction and in turn, better oil quality. Maximum distillate fraction of 30.62% lies within the boiling point range of 200–300 °C depicting suitability of the bio-crude oil for conversion into diesel oil, jet fuel and fuel for stoves.

Bio-crude oil from hydrothermal liquefaction of wastewater microalgae in a pilot-scale continuous flow reactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 122184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Cheng ◽  
Jacqueline M. Jarvis ◽  
Jiuling Yu ◽  
Umakanta Jena ◽  
Nagamany Nirmalakhandan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Continuous Flow Reactor

Hydrothermal liquefaction of barley straw to bio-crude oil: Effects of reaction temperature and aqueous phase recirculation

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Zhu ◽  
Lasse Rosendahl ◽  
Saqib Sohail Toor ◽  
Donghong Yu ◽  
Guanyi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Barley Straw

scholarly journals Feasibility of Utilizing Wastewaters for Large-Scale Microalgal Cultivation and Biofuel Productions Using Hydrothermal Liquefaction Technique: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourav Kumar Bagchi ◽  
Reeza Patnaik ◽  
Ramasare Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Crude Oil Production

The two major bottlenecks faced during microalgal biofuel production are, (a) higher medium cost for algal cultivation, and (b) cost-intensive and time consuming oil extraction techniques. In an effort to address these issues in the large scale set-ups, this comprehensive review article has been systematically designed and drafted to critically analyze the recent scientific reports that demonstrate the feasibility of microalgae cultivation using wastewaters in outdoor raceway ponds in the first part of the manuscript. The second part describes the possibility of bio-crude oil production directly from wet algal biomass, bypassing the energy intensive and time consuming processes like dewatering, drying and solvents utilization for biodiesel production. It is already known that microalgal drying can alone account for ∼30% of the total production costs of algal biomass to biodiesel. Therefore, this article focuses on bio-crude oil production using the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process that converts the wet microalgal biomass directly to bio-crude in a rapid time period. The main product of the process, i.e., bio-crude oil comprises of C16-C20 hydrocarbons with a reported yield of 50–65 (wt%). Besides elucidating the unique advantages of the HTL technique for the large scale biomass processing, this review article also highlights the major challenges of HTL process such as update, and purification of HTL derived bio-crude oil with special emphasis on deoxygenation, and denitrogenation problems. This state of art review article is a pragmatic analysis of several published reports related to algal crude-oil production using HTL technique and a guide towards a new approach through collaboration of industrial wastewater bioremediation with rapid one-step bio-crude oil production from chlorophycean microalgae.

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