Did the law envisage commercial space travel?

Design practice has historically been constrained by the assumption that designed objects, including clothing, will be made and worn in Earth gravity. The notion that designed objects have an upright state has influenced common approaches to design, including the tendency towards depiction and presentation of designed objects in elevation view, which, for fashion, is frequently understood in terms of silhouette. However, those who have experienced weightlessness, either in space travel or on board reduced-gravity aircraft, describe a post-gravity experience that prompts them to revisit these assumptions and consider the extent to which future commercial space travel will liberate creative practitioners to operate at all angles and orientations. As we enter the commercial space age, fashion will be increasingly worn in a variety of gravitational conditions, and the dressed body will therefore be encountered at a variety of orientations, showcasing views of garments that are not often encountered on Earth, and that are therefore often overlooked by fashion designers. This article responds to descriptions of the post-gravity experience by identifying the need to consider alternative views of the clothed body, and consequently to define garments without reference to the silhouette in fashion design for the new commercial space age.

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Form Follows Story: An Approach to Designing for Commercial Space Travel

DS 95: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education (E&PDE 2019), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow. 12th -13th September 2019 ◽

10.35199/epde2019.53 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jason O'Neill Germany ◽

◽

Justin Lund ◽

Keyword(s):

Space Travel ◽

Commercial Space

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Launching Into Commercial Space: Innovations in Space Travel

10.2514/4.102585 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Joseph N. Pelton ◽

Peter Marshall

Keyword(s):

Space Travel ◽

Commercial Space

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Back Pain in Outer Space

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/aln.0000000000003812 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Radostin Penchev ◽

Richard A. Scheuring ◽

Adam T. Soto ◽

Derek M. Miletich ◽

Eric Kerstman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Back Pain ◽

Outer Space ◽

Intervertebral Discs ◽

Spinal Curvature ◽

Future Research ◽

Space Travel ◽

Medical Problems ◽

Commercial Space ◽

Acceleration And Deceleration ◽

Space Adaptation

Space travel has grown during the past 2 decades, and is expected to surge in the future with the establishment of an American Space Force, businesses specializing in commercial space travel, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s planned sustained presence on the moon. Accompanying this rise, treating physicians are bracing for a concomitant increase in space-related medical problems, including back pain. Back pain is highly prevalent in astronauts and space travelers, with most cases being transient and self-limiting (space adaptation back pain). Pathophysiologic changes that affect the spine occur during space travel and may be attributed to microgravity, rapid acceleration and deceleration, and increased radiation. These include a loss of spinal curvature, spinal muscle atrophy, a higher rate of disc herniation, decreased proteoglycan and collagen content in intervertebral discs, and a reduction in bone density that may predispose people to vertebral endplate fractures. In this article, the authors discuss epidemiology, pathophysiology, prevention, treatment, and future research.

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