A Positive Theory of Accounting-Based Management by Exception

This chapter explores four kinds of skepticism about autonomy in general and its applicability to psychiatric ethics in particular. It is argued that although there are valuable lessons to be learnt from each of these skeptical challenges, their overall contribution is best understood in terms of friendly correctives to an autonomy-centered normative and conceptual framework instead of viable alternatives to it. The first four sections each provide a logical reconstruction of a distinct skeptical line of reasoning about autonomy and expand on its implications for psychiatric ethics: skepticism about personal autonomy; skepticism about autonomy as an agency concept; vulnerability-grounded skepticism about autonomy; and paternalism-friendly skepticism about autonomy. The fifth section identifies and explores the underlying presuppositions that motivate the previously discussed forms of skepticism about autonomy, and the sixth reflects on the significance of psychiatric ethics for rebutting skepticism about autonomy and developing a new, more promising positive theory.

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A suggestion on the positive theory of redistribution

Public Choice ◽

10.1007/bf01718475 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 115-118

Author(s):

Joseph P. Newhouse

Keyword(s):

Positive Theory

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The consistency problem for positive comprehension principles

Journal of Symbolic Logic ◽

10.1017/s0022481200041165 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 1401-1418 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. Forti ◽

R. Hinnion

Keyword(s):

Set Theory ◽

Difficult Problem ◽

Large Cardinal ◽

Positive Theory ◽

Construction Principle ◽

Short Summary ◽

Free Construction ◽

Unpublished Thesis ◽

Consistency Problem ◽

Original Construction

Since Gilmore showed that some theory with a positive comprehension scheme is consistent when the axiom of extensionality is dropped and inconsistent with it (see [1] and [2]), the problem of the consistency of various positive comprehension schemes has been investigated. We give here a short classification, which shows clearly the importance of the axiom of extensionality and of the abstraction operator in these consistency problems. The most difficult problem was to show the consistency of the comprehension scheme for positive formulas, with extensionality but without abstraction operator. In his unpublished thesis, Set theory in which the axiom of foundation fails [3], Malitz solved partially this problem but he needed to assume the existence of some unusual kind of large cardinal; as his original construction is very interesting and his thesis is unpublished, we give a short summary of it. M. Forti solved the problem completely by working in ZF with a free-construction principle (sometimes called an anti-foundation axiom), instead of ZF with the axiom of foundation, as Malitz did.This permits one to obtain the consistency of this positive theory, relative to ZF. In his general investigations about “topological set theories” (to be published), E. Weydert has independently proved the same result. The authors are grateful to the Mathematisches Forshungsinstitut Oberwolfach for giving them the opportunity of discussing these subjects and meeting E. Weydert during the meeting “New Foundations”, March 1–7, 1987.

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