Growing Up: The 1996 Hague Child Protection Convention and Age Assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanner Wadsworth
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Age Assessment

scholarly journals Lifespan risks of growing up in a family with mental illness or substance abuse

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Clemens ◽  
Oliver Berthold ◽  
Andreas Witt ◽  
Cedric Sachser ◽  
Elmar Brähler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Growing Up

Abstract Growing up in a family with one member being affected by mental health problems or substance abuse is an adverse childhood experience which can lead to socioeconomic and health-related impairments in later life. Furthermore, the risk of child maltreatment is increased in affected families, which often adds to the individual risk factors. However, the interdependence between the particular risk factors is not well understood. To examine the correlation between mental health problems or substance abuse and child maltreatment within families and long term consequences for affected children, a cross sectional population representative survey in Germany (N = 2,531) has been conducted. The risk of child maltreatment was 5 to 5.6 times higher if mental illness and 4.9 to 6.9 times higher if substance abuse of a family member was reported. Furthermore, the risk of health problems, including obesity, decreased life satisfaction, lower income, low educational achievement, unemployment and living without a partner was increased if participants grew up in a family affected by mental health problems or substance abuse. All associations were mediated significantly by child maltreatment. These results point towards an urgent need for greater awareness for child protection issues in families affected by mental health problems or substance abuse.

Assessing attachment in school-aged children: Do the School-Age Assessment of Attachment and Family Drawings work together as complementary tools?

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Carr-Hopkins ◽  
Calem De Burca ◽  
Felicity A Aldridge
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
School Age ◽  
Age Assessment ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
Family Drawings ◽  
Coding Method ◽  
The Family

Aims: Our goal was to identify an assessment package that could improve treatment planning for troubled children and their families. To assess the validity of our tools, we tested the relations among the School-Age Assessment of Attachment, the Family Drawing and children’s risk status. We used the Dynamic-Maturational Model of Attachment and Adaptation to interpret the assessments in the hope of identifying a gradient of risk, and explore whether a new coding method improved the validity of Family Drawings and their utility as a tool to complement the School-Age Assessment of Attachment. Method: The participants were 89 children, aged between 5 and 12 years; 32 children were involved with mental health services or child protection. Each child completed a School-Age Assessment of Attachment and a Family Drawing. Results: Both assessments differentiated between clinical and normative referrals with moderate effect sizes when dichotomizing risk versus non-risk attachment. When the analysis incorporated a gradient of six attachment classifications, the effect sizes decreased, but specificity of risk increased. Conclusions: The School-Age Assessment of Attachment had greater validity for discriminating risk, and type of risk, than the Family Drawings. With a School-Age Assessment of Attachment and family history, the Family Drawing can provide information about distress that some children do not provide verbally. Integration of the two assessment tools alongside information about parental and family functioning appears to be the key to formulating children’s problems.

scholarly journals Kenya’s Over-Reliance on Institutionalization as a Child Care and Child Protection Model: A Root-Cause Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Njeri Chege ◽  
Stephen Ucembe
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Regulatory Measures ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Political Economic

Institutionalization of children who are deprived of parental care is a thriving phenomenon in the global South, and has generated considerable concern both nationally and internationally, in the last two decades. In Kenya, the number of children growing up in live-in care institutions has been growing ever since the country’s early post-independence years. Although legislative and regulatory measures aimed at child protection have been in place for a number of years now, and the national government appears to be standing by the commitment it expressed in recent times to implement care reform which encompasses de-institutionalization, the national child protection system remains very dependent on institutional care. Against the backdrop of a global and national movement towards de-institutionalization of child care and child protection, in this paper we tease out the range of factors reinforcing Kenya’s over-reliance on live-in institutions as a child care and child protection model. Numerous factors—structural, political, economic, socio-cultural, and legal—contribute to the complexity of the issue. We highlight this complexity, bringing together different angles, while pointing out the interests of the different stakeholders in reinforcing institutional care. We argue that the sustainability, efficiency and effectiveness of the intended change from institutional care to alternative family-based care requires that a root-cause approach be adopted in addressing the underlying child care and child protection issues.

scholarly journals Development of the Child Protection System in Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Enikő Deák
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Continuous Transformation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Keywords Child

The child protection system has been undergoing a continuous transformation since 1989. After the change of regime, orphanages were gradually abolished, and children’s homes and family-type houses were established instead. The study seeks to outline the change in attitude that has developed in the care of children growing up in families without children in Romania over the past 30 years. Three main periods of the decentralization process are distinguished, along which I also presented the last 30 years of the child protection system. The transformation of the Romanian child protection system has also had to deal with a number of obstacles, but its legal regulations are in line with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, as it focuses on new principles such as person-centeredness, child and family participation and community involvement. However, there is still a large gap between theory and implementation. A government decree stipulates that by the end of 2020, all child protection centers should be dismantled and priority should be given to placement with relatives, adoption or a foster care program. It also obliges the institutions of the child protection system to help young people who leave the system to find housing and jobs. Getting out of the system, leaving the child protection system, is also a big challenge for all participants. A young adult who is successfully integrated into society can be one of the most authentic confirmations of a well-functioning system, which can even serve as a guide for further interventions and transformations. Keywords: child protection system, change, challenge

scholarly journals The Use of Age Assessment in the Context of Child Migration: Imprecise, Inaccurate, Inconclusive and Endangers Children’s Rights

Children ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Ranit Mishori
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Age Assessment ◽  
The Us ◽  
Constrained Environments ◽  
Great Scrutiny ◽  
Child Migration ◽  
Assessment Procedures

Anecdotal reports suggest migrant children at the US border have had to undergo age assessment procedures to prove to immigration officials they qualify for special protections afforded to those under age 18. There are a variety of methods to assess the chronological ages of minors, including imaging studies such as X-rays of the wrist, teeth, or collarbone. However, these procedures have come under great scrutiny for being arbitrary and inaccurate, with a significant margin of error, because they are generally based on reference materials that do not take into account ethnicity, nutritional status, disease, and developmental history, considerations which are especially relevant for individuals coming from conflict and/or resource-constrained environments. Using these procedures for migration purposes represent an unethical use of science and medicine, which can potentially deprive minors with the protections that they are owed under US and international laws, and which may have devastating consequences. We should advocate for the creation special protocols, educate law enforcement and legal actors, ensure such procedures are carried out only as a last resort and by independent actors, emphasize child protection and always put the child’s best interest at the core.

Familienrecht für die Soziale Arbeit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Münder ◽  
Rüdiger Ernst ◽  
Wolfgang Behlert ◽  
Britta Tammen
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Soziale Arbeit ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Custody Of Children ◽  
The Law ◽  
Child Maintenance

This textbook is aimed at students of social work and law, those working in both public and voluntary children’s aid associations and youth welfare services, guardians ad litem and judges. It focuses on civil regulations that are of particular importance when it comes to children growing up and adults raising children and adolescents: the law on parentage child maintenance parental custody, in particular civil child protection to ensure a child’s welfare and parental custody of children in cases of divorce and separation visiting rights, which are often particularly the cause of conflict The book addresses the regulations involved in guardianship, wardship and adoption. It also explains the law on caring for adults with disabilities or mental illnesses.

scholarly journals Optimalisasi Perlindungan Anak Melalui Sumber Hukum Hindu

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Komang Ayu Suseni
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Good Treatment ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Hindu Religion ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Role Of Parents

Children are the next generation of the nation and every parent's dream. To be able to form children that can be relied upon and become a hope for both parents and useful for the nation and state, the role of parents in guiding and caring for their children is very important. In the Hindu religion books have been explained about children such as Manawa Dharmasastra, Sarasamuccaya, Slokantara and Silakrama. For example in the weda explained Until the age of five, parents must treat their children as kings. In the next ten years as a servant, and after age sixteen and above must be treated as a friend. In this sloka explained, it is better for us to give punishment to children when they make a mistake, as long as it's only natural. If you always spoil a child and have never been banned in any case, then he will get used to what is wrong. According to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 Year 2005 concerning Child Protection also confirms that what is meant by a child is someone who is not yet 18 (eighteen) years old, including children who are still in the womb. A child must get good treatment and protection from the womb until birth and growing up. For this reason, the role of parents in understanding and deepening the teachings in the Vedas is very important. We must understand correctly what is the child's needs.

Safeguarding children

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Harris ◽  
R. Welbury
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Evil Spirits ◽  
Church Law ◽  
Severe Punishment

It is essential that everyone who provides dental care for children has an understanding of other factors that affect children’s lives. This includes non-dental aspects of their health and wider issues that affect children’s development and well-being. Child maltreatment is one such issue. Abuse and neglect are forms of maltreatment of a child. Child maltreatment involves acts of commission or omission which result in harm to a child. When health professionals work with others to take action to protect children who are suffering, or are at risk of suffering, significant harm as a result of maltreatment, this is known as ‘child protection’. Child protection sits within the context of a wider agenda to ‘safeguard’ children. Safeguarding measures are actions taken to minimize the risks of harm to children and young people. These include: • protecting children from maltreatment • preventing impairment of children’s health or development • ensuring that children are growing up in a safe and caring environment. This should enable children to have optimal life chances and to enter adulthood successfully. The foundation for the success of such work is an acceptance and understanding of children’s internationally agreed human rights. In this context the term ‘child’ includes children and young people up to the age of 18. Violence towards children has been noted between cultures and at different times within the same culture since early civilization. Infanticide has been documented in almost every culture, and ritualistic killing, maiming, and severe punishment of children in an attempt to educate them, exploit them, or rid them of evil spirits has been reported since early times. Ritualistic surgery or mutilation of children has been recorded as part of religious and ethnic traditions. In the seventeenth century values started to change and incest was seen as a crime under church law, but until the eighteenth century society viewed children as possessions of their parents who were at liberty to treat them in any way they wished. In fact, legislation to protect animals was introduced before children were afforded the same ‘privilege’.

scholarly journals Working with LGBTQIA+ youth in the child welfare system: Perspectives from youth and professionals

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
Young People ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Child Welfare System ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Foster Families ◽  
Welfare Systems ◽  
Supportive Environments ◽  
Meaningful Connections

Written through a constant exchange between LGBTQIA+ young people, researchers, professionals and foster families, this book offers a valuable tool to improve the practice with LGBTQIA+ youth at a personal, organizational, and policy levels. This book shows the powerful influence of relationships and networks for the LGBTQIA+ young person growing up in child protection and welfare systems. LGBTQIA+ youth need meaningful connections with individuals within their communities in order to be able to heal, learn, and be authentically themselves. Child welfare professionals have a crucial role in creating these connections and cultivating supportive environments, free of additional trauma, where LGBTQIA+ young people can feel valued and loved.

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