Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner and Emergency Contraception Access in Emergency Departments in the United States: A National Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen Cowdery ◽  
Diana Halloran ◽  
Rebecca Henderson ◽  
Kathleen Allen ◽  
Kelly O'Shea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner

Scoping Review of Access to Emergency Contraception for Sexual Assault Victims in Emergency Departments in the United States

2019 ◽  
pp. 152483801988202
Author(s):  
Michelle J. Wang ◽  
Alexandra B. Khodadadi ◽  
Janet M. Turan ◽  
Kari White
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Sexual Assault Survivors ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
Assault Survivors

Objective: We conducted a scoping review of the literature to assess the prevalence of hospital policies regarding emergency contraception (EC) and the frequency that U.S. emergency departments (EDs) provide EC to sexual assault survivors. Study Design: We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and CINAHL from inception to January 2019 for studies that assessed access to EC for sexual assault survivors in EDs. We included English-language studies that surveyed ED staff at U.S. hospitals and reported the weighted mean of the percentage of hospitals with an EC policy for sexual assault survivors and the percentage that provided EC counseling, offered or dispensed EC onsite. Secondary outcomes were rates of testing and prophylaxis for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV. Results: From 390 articles retrieved, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria; all studies were published between 2000 and 2013. Eligible studies surveyed staff at 3,314 hospitals. Overall, 60% (weighted mean) of hospitals had a policy on EC, 75% provided EC counseling, 44% offered EC, and 62% had EC available to dispense onsite. Four studies reported secondary outcomes: 81% of hospitals provided STI testing, 84% provided STI prophylaxis, 64% provided HIV testing, and 53% provided HIV prophylaxis. Conclusion: Existing literature demonstrates significant variability in EC policies and practices for sexual assault survivors in U.S. hospital EDs. Future research should assess whether EC access for survivors has improved in ED settings as well as evaluate persistent or new barriers to access.

Sexual assault nurse examiner programs in the United States

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Ciancone ◽  
Caroline Wilson ◽  
Renee Collette ◽  
Lowell W. Gerson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner

HIV Testing in Emergency Departments in the United States: A National Survey

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. S10-S16.e8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason S. Haukoos ◽  
Emily Hopkins ◽  
Amber Hull ◽  
Christian Dean ◽  
Kevin Donahoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Mathematical pattern of Kessler psychological distress distribution in the general population of the U.S. and Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichiro Tomitaka ◽  
Toshiaki A. Furukawa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
General Population ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
The United States ◽  
Depression Screening ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Screening Scale

Abstract Background Although the 6-item Kessler psychological scale (K6) is a useful depression screening scale in clinical settings and epidemiological surveys, little is known about the distribution model of the K6 score in the general population. Using four major national survey datasets from the United States and Japan, we explored the mathematical pattern of the K6 distributions in the general population. Methods We analyzed four datasets from the National Health Interview Survey, the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in the United States, and the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions in Japan. We compared the goodness of fit between three models: exponential, power law, and quadratic function models. Graphical and regression analyses were employed to investigate the mathematical patterns of the K6 distributions. Results The exponential function had the best fit among the three models. The K6 distributions exhibited an exponential pattern, except for the lower end of the distribution across the four surveys. The rate parameter of the K6 distributions was similar across all surveys. Conclusions Our results suggest that, regardless of different sample populations and methodologies, the K6 scores exhibit a common mathematical distribution in the general population. Our findings will contribute to the development of the distribution model for such a depression screening scale.

Feel the Burn! Fireworks-related Otolaryngologic Trauma

2021 ◽  
pp. 000348942110081
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Straughan ◽  
Luke J. Pasick ◽  
Vrinda Gupta ◽  
Daniel A. Benito ◽  
Joseph F. Goodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
Penetrating Trauma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neck Injuries ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objectives: Fireworks are used commonly for celebrations in the United States, but can lead to severe injury to the head and neck. We aim to assess the incidence, types, and mechanisms of head and neck injuries associated with fireworks use from 2010 to 2019. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study, using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, of individuals presenting to United States Emergency Departments with head and neck injuries caused by fireworks and flares from 2010 to 2019. Incidence, types, and mechanisms of injury related to fireworks use in the US population were assessed. Results: A total of 541 patients (349 [64.5%] male, and 294 [54%] under 18 years of age) presented to emergency departments with fireworks-related head and neck injuries; the estimated national total was 20 584 patients (13 279 male, 9170 white, and 11 186 under 18 years of age). The most common injury diagnoses were burns (44.7% of injuries), laceration/avulsion/penetrating trauma (21.1%), and otologic injury (15.2%), which included hearing loss, otalgia, tinnitus, unspecified acoustic trauma, and tympanic membrane perforation. The remaining 19% of injuries were a mix, including contusion, abrasion, hematoma, fracture, and closed head injury. Associations between fireworks type and injury diagnosis (chi-square P < .001), as well as fireworks type by age group (chi-square P < .001) were found. Similarly, associations were found between age groups and injury diagnoses (chi-square P < .001); these included children 5 years and younger and adults older than 30 years. Conclusions: Fireworks-related head and neck injuries are more likely to occur in young, white, and male individuals. Burns are the most common injury, while otologic injury is a significant contributor. Annual rates of fireworks-related head and neck injuries have not changed or improved significantly in the United States in the past decade, suggesting efforts to identify and prevent these injuries are insufficient.

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