Testing for Jumps in a Discretely Observed Price Process with Endogenous Sampling Times

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Li ◽  
Ingmar Nolte ◽  
Sandra Nolte (Lechner) ◽  
Shifan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Price Process ◽  
Endogenous Sampling ◽  
Sampling Times

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS THAT INFLUENCES THE STUDENTS DECISION IN CHOOSING PHARMACEUTICAL DIPLOMA III PROGRAM IN BUKITTINGGI THAT IS MEDIATED BY MOTIVATION VARIABLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Yonrizon Yonrizon
Keyword(s):  
Brand Image ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Prospective Students ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Education Services ◽  
Price Process ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Target Set

<p>Competitive competition in the world of education services is influenced by the consequences of higher education that has the ability to compete that can survive and achieve the target set. Currently, the existing college are competing to develop their potential and ability to attract prospective students. Therefore, the college must create a Marketing Mix Services strategy that is the product, prices, location, promotion, people, process, physical evidence, and brand image mediated by motivation.The approach used is the survey, which is the activity of collecting data as much as possible about the facts that are supporters of the research, with a view to know the status, symptoms, determine the similarity of status by comparing with the standards that have been selected and or determined. (Arikunto &amp; Kusyati, 2015). This research was conducted to determine the effect of product, price, location, promotion, people, process, physical evidence, brand image, to student's motivation in making decision to choose college of Pharmacy in Bukittinggi. The result of research shows that product, price, process, brand image, have positive and significant effect to motivation, while location, promotion, person, physical proof have no significant effect to motivation and motivation have positive and significant influence to decision of vote</p><p> </p><p><em>Persaingan kompetitif dalam dunia layanan pendidikan dipengaruhi oleh konsekuensi pendidikan tinggi yang memiliki kemampuan bersaing yang dapat bertahan dan mencapai target yang ditetapkan. Saat ini, perguruan tinggi yang ada bersaing untuk mengembangkan potensi dan kemampuan mereka untuk menarik calon siswa. Oleh karena itu, perguruan tinggi harus membuat strategi Marketing Mix Services yaitu produk, harga, lokasi, promosi, orang, proses, bukti fisik, dan citra merek yang dimediasi oleh motivasi. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah survei, yaitu kegiatan mengumpulkan data sebanyak mungkin tentang fakta-fakta yang menjadi pendukung penelitian, dengan maksud untuk mengetahui status, gejala, menentukan kesamaan status dengan membandingkan dengan standar yang dimiliki telah dipilih dan atau ditentukan. </em><em>(Arikunto &amp; Kusyati, 2015)</em><em>. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh produk, harga, lokasi, promosi, orang, proses, bukti fisik, citra merek, terhadap motivasi siswa dalam mengambil keputusan memilih perguruan tinggi Farmasi di Bukittinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk, harga, proses, citra merek, berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap motivasi, sedangkan lokasi, promosi, orang, bukti fisik tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi dan motivasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pemilihan.</em></p>

scholarly journals Evolution of Pig Fecal Microbiota Composition and Diversity in Response to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection and Colistin Treatment in Weaned Piglets

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1459
Author(s):  
Mohamed Rhouma ◽  
Charlotte Braley ◽  
William Thériault ◽  
Alexandre Thibodeau ◽  
Sylvain Quessy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection ◽  
Pig Health ◽  
Microbiota Diversity ◽  
Sampling Times

The intestinal microbiota plays several important roles in pig health and growth. The aim of the current study was to characterize the changes in the fecal microbiota diversity and composition of weaned piglets following an oral challenge with an ETEC: F4 strain and/or a treatment with colistin sulfate (CS). Twenty-eight piglets were used in this experiment and were divided into four groups: challenged untreated, challenged treated, unchallenged treated, and unchallenged untreated. Rectal swab samples were collected at five sampling times throughout the study. Total genomic DNA was used to assess the fecal microbiota diversity and composition using the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The relative abundance, the composition, and the community structure of piglet fecal microbiota was highly affected by the ETEC: F4 challenge throughout the experiment, while the oral treatment with CS, a narrow spectrum antibiotic, resulted in a significant decrease of E. coli/Shigella populations during the treatment period only. This study was the first to identify some gut microbiota subgroups (e.g., Streptococcus, Lachnospiraceae) that are associated with healthy piglets as compared to ETEC: F4 challenged animals. These key findings might contribute to the development of alternative strategies to reduce the use of antimicrobials in the control of post-weaning diarrhea in pigs.

scholarly journals Stochastic sensitivity of bull and bear states

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Jungeilges ◽  
Elena Maklakova ◽  
Tatyana Perevalova
Keyword(s):  
Additive Noise ◽  
Asset Price ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Asset Market ◽  
Stochastic Version ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Price Process ◽  
Stochastic Sensitivity ◽  
Stable Equilibria ◽  
Parametric Noise

AbstractWe study the price dynamics generated by a stochastic version of a Day–Huang type asset market model with heterogenous, interacting market participants. To facilitate the analysis, we introduce a methodology that allows us to assess the consequences of changes in uncertainty on the dynamics of an asset price process close to stable equilibria. In particular, we focus on noise-induced transitions between bull and bear states of the market under additive as well as parametric noise. Our results are obtained by combining the stochastic sensitivity function (SSF) approach, a mixture of analytical and numerical techniques, due to Mil’shtein and Ryashko (1995) with concepts and techniques from the study of non-smooth 1D maps. We find that the stochastic sensitivity of the respective bull and bear equilibria in the presence of additive noise is higher than under parametric noise. Thus, recurrent transitions are likely to be observed already for relatively low intensities of additive noise.

scholarly journals The differential transmissibility of myxoma virus strains of differing virulence grades by the rabbit flea Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale)

1975 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Mead-Briggs ◽  
J. A. Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Myxoma Virus ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Virus Strains ◽  
Sampling Times

SUMMARYLaboratory studies showed that few rabbit fleas (Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale)) transmitted myxomatosis after removal from wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus (L)) that had been infected for fewer than 10–12 days, irrespective of the virulence of the myxoma virus strain involved. Rabbits infected with fully virulent (Grade I) strains died within 10–15 days and few fleas from these hosts became infective; averaging all the samples taken, 12% of the fleas were infective. Also, few fleas acquired infectivity on individual rabbits which recovered from infection with attenuated strains; the mean was 8% infective. Rabbits which died between 17 and 44 days after infection had higher proportions of infective fleas at all sampling times; the mean was 42% infective. Male and female fleas transmitted virus with equal efficiency.For rabbits infected with any of the attenuated virus strains the mean percentage of infective fleas was inversely related to the survival time of the host. Rabbits infected with moderately attenuated strains (Grades IIIA and IIIB) had, on average, the highest proportion of infective fleas; hence such strains have a selective advantage and have become predominant under natural conditions in Britain. The changes that might occur if there is an increase in host resistance to myxomatosis are discussed.

Using dynamic simulation models and the ‘Dot-to-Dot’ method to determine the optimum sampling times in field trials

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-375
Author(s):  
J.U. Smith ◽  
P. Smith ◽  
K. Coleman ◽  
P.R. Hargreaves ◽  
A.J. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Optimum Sampling ◽  
Sampling Times

scholarly journals The 28 + 28 day design is an effective sampling time for analyzing mutant frequencies in rapidly proliferating tissues of MutaMouse animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 1103-1116
Author(s):  
Francesco Marchetti ◽  
Gu Zhou ◽  
Danielle LeBlanc ◽  
Paul A. White ◽  
Andrew Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Male Germ Cells ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Detection Of Mutations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sampling Times

AbstractThe Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development Test Guideline 488 (TG 488) uses transgenic rodent models to generate in vivo mutagenesis data for regulatory submission. The recommended design in TG 488, 28 consecutive daily exposures with tissue sampling three days later (28 + 3d), is optimized for rapidly proliferating tissues such as bone marrow (BM). A sampling time of 28 days (28 + 28d) is considered more appropriate for slowly proliferating tissues (e.g., liver) and male germ cells. We evaluated the impact of the sampling time on mutant frequencies (MF) in the BM of MutaMouse males exposed for 28 days to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), procarbazine (PRC), isopropyl methanesulfonate (iPMS), or triethylenemelamine (TEM) in dose–response studies. BM samples were collected + 3d, + 28d, + 42d or + 70d post exposure and MF quantified using the lacZ assay. All chemicals significantly increased MF with maximum fold increases at 28 + 3d of 162.9, 6.6, 4.7 and 2.8 for BaP, PRC, iPMS and TEM, respectively. MF were relatively stable over the time period investigated, although they were significantly increased only at 28 + 3d and 28 + 28d for TEM. Benchmark dose (BMD) modelling generated overlapping BMD confidence intervals among the four sampling times for each chemical. These results demonstrate that the sampling time does not affect the detection of mutations for strong mutagens. However, for mutagens that produce small increases in MF, sampling times greater than 28 days may produce false-negative results. Thus, the 28 + 28d protocol represents a unifying protocol for simultaneously assessing mutations in rapidly and slowly proliferating somatic tissues and male germ cells.

scholarly journals Species Composition of Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Strawberry High Tunnels in Denmark

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Helene Nielsen ◽  
Lene Sigsgaard ◽  
Sverre Kobro ◽  
Nauja L. Jensen ◽  
Stine K. Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Field Margins ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
High Tunnels ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Production Knowledge ◽  
Sampling Times

Thrips are a major pest in protected strawberry production. Knowledge of thrips species composition could be instrumental for improved thrips management, but very little is known about which species are present in strawberries grown in high-tunnels in Denmark. Thrips (adults and larvae) were sampled in two strawberry tunnels of the cultivars Murano and Furore from May to August 2018, in the middle and in the edges of the tunnels. The most abundant thrips species found in the tunnels were Frankliniella intonsa and Thrips tabaci adults. Frankliniella intonsa were also the most frequently found species of the immatures sampled, followed by T. tabaci larvae, and other species. The number of thrips differed between the two cultivars, sampling times and location in the tunnel. Frankliniella intonsa was more abundant in the middle of the tunnels, while T. tabaci was more abundant in the edge of the tunnels adjacent to the field margins. The number of thrips peaked by the end of July. Both chemical and biological control should consider species composition and occurrence; hence, a fundamental first step for thrips management is to identify the species present on the target crop.

scholarly journals Equilibrium Pricing in Incomplete Markets

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhamid Bizid ◽  
Elyès Jouini
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Volatility ◽  
Incomplete Markets ◽  
Stochastic Volatility Model ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Equilibrium Pricing ◽  
Discrete Time Model ◽  
Price Process ◽  
State Price ◽  
Volatility Model ◽  
Market Framework

AbstractGiven the exogenous price process of some assets, we constrain the price process of other assets that are characterized by their final payoffs. We deal with an incomplete market framework in a discrete-time model and assume the existence of the equilibrium. In this setup, we derive restrictions on the state-price deflators. These restrictions do not depend on a particular choice of utility function. We investigate numerically a stochastic volatility model as an example. Our approach leads to an interval of admissible prices that is more robust than the arbitrage pricing interval.

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