Equilibrium Characterization and Shock Propagation in Conflict Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Xu ◽  
Yves Zenou ◽  
Junjie Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Shock Propagation ◽  
Conflict Networks

The Effects of Inter-Male Cooperation and Conflict Networks on the Fertility of Tsimane' Men

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Von Rueden ◽  
Hillard Kaplan ◽  
Michael Gurven
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Networks

Modeling of Shock Propagation in Non-uniform Density Media

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifeng Tian ◽  
Farhad A. Jaberi ◽  
Daniel Livescu
Keyword(s):  
Shock Propagation ◽  
Uniform Density

scholarly journals Cluster observations of sudden impulses in the magnetotail caused by interplanetary shocks and pressure increases

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 609-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. J. Huttunen ◽  
J. Slavin ◽  
M. Collier ◽  
H. E. J. Koskinen ◽  
A. Szabo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Solar Wind Speed ◽  
Interplanetary Shock ◽  
Wind Pressure ◽  
Shock Propagation ◽  
Interplanetary Shocks ◽  
Maximum Variance ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract. Sudden impulses (SI) in the tail lobe magnetic field associated with solar wind pressure enhancements are investigated using measurements from Cluster. The magnetic field components during the SIs change in a manner consistent with the assumption that an antisunward moving lateral pressure enhancement compresses the magnetotail axisymmetrically. We found that the maximum variance SI unit vectors were nearly aligned with the associated interplanetary shock normals. For two of the tail lobe SI events during which Cluster was located close to the tail boundary, Cluster observed the inward moving magnetopause. During both events, the spacecraft location changed from the lobe to the magnetospheric boundary layer. During the event on 6 November 2001 the magnetopause was compressed past Cluster. We applied the 2-D Cartesian model developed by collier98 in which a vacuum uniform tail lobe magnetic field is compressed by a step-like pressure increase. The model underestimates the compression of the magnetic field, but it fits the magnetic field maximum variance component well. For events for which we could determine the shock normal orientation, the differences between the observed and calculated shock propagation times from the location of WIND/Geotail to the location of Cluster were small. The propagation speeds of the SIs between the Cluster spacecraft were comparable to the solar wind speed. Our results suggest that the observed tail lobe SIs are due to lateral increases in solar wind dynamic pressure outside the magnetotail boundary.

scholarly journals Radiation effects on shock propagation in Al target relevant to equation of state measurements

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. DESAI ◽  
R. DEZULIAN ◽  
D. BATANI
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Strong Shock ◽  
Shock Propagation ◽  
Laser Irradiance ◽  
X Rays ◽  
High Laser ◽  
High Intensity Laser

We present one-dimensional simulations performed using the multi group radiation hydro code MULTI with the goal of analyzing the target preheating effect under conditions similar to those of recent experiments aimed at studying the Equation of State (EOS) of various materials. In such experiments, aluminum is often used as reference material; therefore its behavior under strong shock compression and high-intensity laser irradiation (1013–1014 W/cm2) should be studied in detail. Our results reveal that at high laser irradiance, the laser energy available to induce shock pressure is reduced due to high X-rays generation. Simultaneously X-rays preheat the bulk of the reference material causing significant heating prior to shock propagation. Such effects induce deviations in shock propagation with respect to cold aluminum.

The determination of arc temperatures from shock velocities

1957 ◽  
Vol 240 (1220) ◽  
pp. 54-66 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Strong Shock ◽  
Weak Shock ◽  
Wave Theory ◽  
New Method ◽  
Shock Propagation ◽  
Plane Shock ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Arc Discharges

The measurement of the high gas temperatures associated with arc discharges requires special techniques. One such method, developed by Suits (1935), depends on the measure­ment of the velocity of a sound wave passing through an arc column, although in fact Suits measured the velocity of a very weak shock wave. The new method described in the present paper is one in which temperatures are determined from the measurement of the velocity of a relatively strong shock wave propagated through an arc. The new method has the merit of consistently producing accurately measurable records and of increasing the accuracy of the temperature determination. The shock velocities are measured by means of a rotating mirror camera. Within the arc, the shock propagation is observable by virtue of the increased arc brightness produced by the shock. In the non-luminous regions surrounding the arc, the shock propagation is displayed by means of a Schlieren system. The interpretation of the measurements depends upon a one-dimensional analysis given in this paper which is similar to that of Chisnell (1955) and which describes the interaction of a plane shock with a con­tinuously varying temperature distribution. In our analysis account is taken also of the continuous variation in specific heats and molecular weight which are of importance under high gas temperature conditions. In practice plane wave theory cannot adequately describe the shock propagation, since attenuation occurs both in the free gas and in the arc column. The effects of this attenuation on the temperature determinations may be accounted for by the use of an experimentally determined attenuation relationship given in the paper. The finally developed method yields temperature values to an accuracy of ± 2%. Experiments are described for carbon and tungsten arcs in air and nitrogen for currents up to 55 amperes and pressures up to 3 atmospheres. The values obtained range from 6200 to 7700° K and are in good agreement with values determined by other techniques.

Analysis Techniques for Modeling the Pressure Wave Effects of Guillotine Ruptures of Steam Lines

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Becht ◽  
Frederick J. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Shock Propagation ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Wave Effects ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Pipe Geometry ◽  
Propagation Properties

The rupture of a pipe containing gas or steam at high pressure will cause a shock wave. In order to assess the potential damage that such a shock wave may cause to the surrounding structures, systems and components, it is necessary to determine the amplitude and propagation properties of the shock. A CFD model has been developed for the purpose of predicting shock propagation transients resulting from a sudden pipe rupture in terms of the fluid properties, pipe geometry, and surroundings. A simplified shock propagation model also is included, which offers verification of the CFD model results.

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