How Did the Distribution of Income Growth Change Alongside the Hot Pre-Pandemic Labor Market and Recent Fiscal Stimulus?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Greig ◽  
Chris Wheat ◽  
George Eckerd ◽  
Shantanu Banerjee ◽  
Melissa O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Fiscal Stimulus ◽  
Growth Change ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Wachstum und Verteilung

2021 ◽  
pp. 559-577
Author(s):  
Michael Pammer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Income Differentials ◽  
Modern Economic Growth ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Stages Of Economic Development ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Income Growth and Distribution. This chapter describes economic growth and the distribution of income and wealth. Data on income are available from the last years of the 19th century onwards, whereas data on wealth are available for the entire century. Of all the Austrian lands, Lower Austria had the highest productivity, the earliest shift from agriculture to other sectors, and the largest wealth. It is a prime example of regions where the income distribution tends to widen from the beginnings of modern economic growth onwards. From the turn of the century on, however, the distribution tends to narrow again. The main reason for these changes lies in the differences in distribution structures between agriculture and the other sectors. Changes in income differentials between branches, or groups in the vertical order of branches, have less impact. The same pattern (growing inequality when a region is more developed) is also visible in synchronous comparisons between regions in different stages of economic development.

scholarly journals Inequality, Income Growth, and Mobility: The Basic Facts

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gottschalk
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Family Income ◽  
The Other ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Stable Level ◽  
Total Family Income ◽  
Market Income ◽  
Basic Facts

This essay brings together the factual material on changes in the distribution of labor market income that any of the theories addressed in the other papers in this symposium must address. The broad stylized facts are that the rapid growth and stable level of inequality of both total family income and individual labor market that marked the postwar period came to an end during the 1970s. Real mean earnings grew very little but inequality of earnings rose substantially. This reflected increases both in inequality between education and experience groups and within groups. Mobility showed little change over this period.

EMPLOYMENT AS ONE OF THE DIRECTIONS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCEPT OF DECENT WORK IN RUSSIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
Макушина ◽  
L. Makushina ◽  
Альхименко ◽  
O. Alkhimenko
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Labor Process ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Employment Training ◽  
Strict Regulation ◽  
And Robotics

The article studied the problem of employment in Russia within the concept of the ILO “Decent work”. The causes of unemployment and non-standard forms of employment are identified, the foreign experience (Eric Brynjolfsson, McAfee) is given, which is relevant to this problem. The possible impact and consequences of technological progress and robotics on the labor market in Russia are considered. Rationalization of production in itself does not guarantee increased employment, training, health improvement and income growth. On the contrary, it often leads to job losses, depreciation of professional skills, to simplify and strict regulation of the labor process, and increased stress on workers. In this regard, the article suggests directions of combating unemployment and increasing the quantity and quality of employment.

scholarly journals Poverty, Income Distribution, and Government Policy that Pro-Poor in Indonesia year 2009-2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Hayu Fadlun Widyasthika ◽  
Azwardi Azwardi ◽  
Tatang Abdul Madjid
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Economic Survey ◽  
Rural And Urban Area ◽  
Distribution Of Income

This study aims to determine the effect of growth and distribution on poverty change as well as to analyse whether expenditure growth has given the benefits to the poor and non-poor in urban and rural area. The data used are raw data from total household consumption obtained from National Socio-Economic Survey for the period of 2009 to 2016. Poverty decomposition is used to see the effect of income growth and distribution on the poverty change. Furthermore, Poverty Equivalent Growth Rate (PEGR) supported by Growth Incidence Curve (GIC) is used to determine whether the benefit of economic growth is enjoyed more by the poor compared to pro-poor growth or not. The results show that income growth influences the decrease in poverty both in rural and urban area in Indonesia, during 2009-2016, 2009-2014 and 2014-2016. Conversely, the distribution of income increases the poverty in both areas during the periods. Inequality of income seems to give a strong influence so that the economic growth has not been a pro-poor both in rural and urban area of Indonesia during 2009-2016, 2009-2014 and 2009-2016. 

Cyclical Fluctuations, Macroeconomic Policy, and the Size Distribution of Income: Some Preliminary Evidence

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Haslag ◽  
D.J. Slottje
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Forecast Error ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Cyclical Fluctuations ◽  
Forecast Error Variance ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The question has been asked as to how changes in economic growth affect income distribution. Blinder and Esaki reframed the question to consider inflation and time trends in addition to aggregate income growth. The purpose of this paper is to widen the scope even more; specifically, the question is whether policy or business cycle measures explain most of the forecast error variance in the size distribution of income.

Evidence for Multiple Labor Market Segments: An Entropic Analysis of US Earned Income, 1996-2007

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus P. A. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Firm Heterogeneity ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Earned Income ◽  
Labor Market Segmentation ◽  
Equilibrium Configurations ◽  
Income Data ◽  
Distribution Of Income ◽  
Better Than

This paper revisits the fitting of parametric distributions to earned income data. In line with Camilo Dagum's dictum that candidate distribution should not only be chosen for fit, but that economic content should also play a role, a new candidate is proposed. The fit of a simple finite mixture performs as well or better than the recently widely used generalized beta of the second kind (GB2) and is argued to be easier to interpret economically. Specifically, the good fit is taken as evidence for a finite level of segmentation in the labor market, with a distinctly different generating mechanism underlying each segment. It is speculated that this could be reconciled with either modern labor market models in which agent or firm heterogeneity can lead to different equilibrium configurations, or an older theory of labor market segmentation. In fact, the use of the mixture model addresses one of the central weaknesses of testing that older theory empirically. The approach taken in this paper is also motivated by the work of E. T. Jaynes, the father of maximum entropy approaches to statistical inference and related to the recent work by physicists on the distribution of income.

Fiscal stimulus and labor market policies in Europe

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Faia ◽  
Wolfgang Lechthaler ◽  
Christian Merkl
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Fiscal Stimulus ◽  
Labor Market Policies

Inequality and Ordinary Living Standards in OECD Countries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Nolan ◽  
Stefan Thewissen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Recent Commentary ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Distribution Of Income

This chapter focuses on how the patterns of real income growth or stagnation seen in Chapter 2 are related to changes to inequality in the distribution of income, which has played such a prominent role in recent commentary and debate. It examines how income inequality has evolved over recent decades across the rich countries, both overall and in terms of the share going to the very top of the distribution, and highlights key factors in driving inequality upwards—albeit differentially across countries and time-periods. The ways in which rising inequality may undermine real income growth for middle and lower income households are discussed, and the empirical relationship between inequality and such real income growth over recent decades across the rich countries is analysed. Alongside real income growth or its absence, some other ways of looking at whether ‘the middle’ has been ‘squeezed’ in income terms are also explored.

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