The Effect of Manganese Ore Iron Content on Carbothermic Reduction Rates at Low Temperatures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Coetsee
Keyword(s):  
Iron Content ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Carbothermic Reduction ◽  
Manganese Ore

scholarly journals Simultaneous Selective Chlorination and Carbothermic Reduction of High-Iron Manganese Ore for the Recovery of Manganese Chloride and Metallic Iron

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1124
Author(s):  
Dawei Yu ◽  
Fuhui Cui ◽  
Yunxiang Cong ◽  
Chunxi Zhang ◽  
Qinghua Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbothermic Reduction ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Manganese Ore ◽  
High Iron Content ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
High Iron ◽  
Iron Manganese

Metallurgical processing of low-grade manganese ore with high iron content is gaining increasing attention due to the gradual depletion of high-grade Mn ores, amid the difficulties in its efficient extraction for both Mn and Fe values in an environmentally-friendly manner. Attempting to tackle the difficulties, this paper describes an innovative process for selectively chlorinating and reducing the high-Fe manganese ore in a simultaneous manner, aiming to produce water-soluble MnCl2 and metallic Fe. After pre-mixing with carbonaceous reductant, CaCl2 and MgCl2 as the chlorinating agent, the Mn ore was heated at 1000 °C. As much as 89.4% Mn can be chlorinated in its water-soluble form, with dissolution of only 3.0% Fe. The presence of CaCl2 during carbothermic reduction resulted in significant promotion in both the Fe reduction rate and formation of large metallic Fe particles due to the segregation effect, facilitating subsequent separation. Selective Mn chlorination by MgCl2 took place with or without the involvement of SiO2, forming MgSiO4 or MgO, respectively.

scholarly journals Removal of Metallic Iron from Reduced Ilmenite by Aeration Leaching

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1020
Author(s):  
Qiuyue Zhao ◽  
Maoyuan Li ◽  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Mingzhao Zheng ◽  
Ting’an Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Iron Content ◽  
Metallic Iron ◽  
Carbothermic Reduction ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Total Iron Content ◽  
Tio2 Content ◽  
Synthetic Rutile ◽  
Ilmenite Concentrate ◽  
Hcl Solution

Aeration leaching was used to obtain synthetic rutile from a reduced ilmenite. The reduced ilmenite, obtained from the carbothermic reduction of ilmenite concentrate in a rotary kiln at about 1100 °C, contained 62.88% TiO2 and 28.93% Metallic iron. The particle size was about 200 μm and the size distribution was uniform. The effects of NH4Cl and HCl concentrations, stirring speed, and aeration leaching time on the extent of removal of metallic iron from the reduced ilmenite were studied at room temperature. The results revealed that aeration leaching is feasible at room temperature. When using the NH4Cl system, the metallic iron content was reduced to 1.98% in synthetic rutile, but the TiO2 content only reached 69.16%. Higher NH4Cl concentration did not improve the leaching. Using 2% NH4Cl with 3% HCl, we were able to upgrade the synthetic rutile to 75%, with a metallic iron content as low as 0.14% and a total iron content of about 4%. Synthetic rutile could be upgraded to about 90% using HCl solution alone. HCl and NH4Cl are both effective on the aeration leaching process. However, within the scope of this experiment, hydrochloric acid is more efficient in aeration leaching.

scholarly journals Carbothermic Reduction of Ferruginous Manganese Ore for Mn/Fe Beneficiation: Morphology Evolution and Separation Characteristic

Minerals ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingyun Yi ◽  
Zhucheng Huang ◽  
Tao Jiang ◽  
Peng Zhao ◽  
Ronghai Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbothermic Reduction ◽  
Manganese Ore ◽  
Morphology Evolution ◽  
Separation Characteristic

Static Magnetization Studies on the Family of Compounds Cd1−xFexCr2S4

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (21) ◽  
pp. 2659-2670 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Spender ◽  
A. H. Morrish
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Magnetic Moments ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Static Magnetization ◽  
Magnetization Measurements ◽  
Steady Decrease ◽  
The Family

Static magnetization measurements have been made on a number of compounds in the family Cd1−xFexCr2S4 for [Formula: see text]. The magnetic moments at 0 °K fall with increasing iron content. The ordering temperatures rise and the Curie–Weiss parameters fall with increasing iron content. There is a steady decrease in lattice parameter with increasing x. A simple model is proposed in which the extra antiparallel electron on the Fe2+ ion is delocalized. The band in which the electrons move is assumed to have a trap for electrons in the vicinity of the A sites. The trap allows ionic behavior at low temperatures while at higher temperatures the electrons are itinerant. The model allows a consistent understanding of the magnetic properties.

scholarly journals Improving the technology of manganese ore X-ray radiometric separation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Aleksei V. Vishniakov ◽  
◽  
Iurii O. Fedorov ◽  
Andrei Iu. Chikin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Efficient Algorithm ◽  
Scattered Radiation ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Manganese Ore ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ore Processing ◽  
Manganese Deposits ◽  
Different Types

Introduction. In addition to the classical methods of manganese ore processing, a lower-cost and more environmentally friendly technology of X-ray radiometric separation (XRS) has been developed in the last twenty years. The technology has been embraced by enterprises and applied to improve the efficiency of manganese deposits development. The article provides original results of the research carried out by Irgiredmet institute concerning the development of the procedure and technology of manganese ore XRS. Research methodology. The XRS methodology is based on the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method of elements detection common in geophysical practice. A methodological task of these method is to find manganese in ore containing not only manganese but also iron, as soon as the two elements possess characteristic X-ray radiation (CXR) close in energy and mutually affect the accuracy of their detection by the X-ray fluorescence analyzers. The chosen research methodology allowed developing a new way of keeping records of the elements when solving the problems of manganese ore sampling and sorting. Research results. A new and efficient algorithm of sampling manganese and iron has been developed and tested on different types of manganese and ferromanganese ore. The ratio of CXR of the detected elements to the total sum of the scattered radiation (SR) and these elements CXR intensity set by a special spectral coefficient k is such universal criterion which promotes to more accurate detection of manganese and iron content in lumps.

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