Loneliness, Social Anxiety, and Depression During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Global Longitudinal Study Examining Social Restrictions Severity and Demographic Differences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle H. Lim ◽  
Pamela Qualter ◽  
Lily Thurston ◽  
Robert Eres ◽  
Alexandra Hennessey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Demographic Differences

scholarly journals Family carers' distress and abusive behaviour: longitudinal study

2010 ◽  
Vol 196 (6) ◽  
pp. 480-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Cooper ◽  
Martin Blanchard ◽  
Amber Selwood ◽  
Zuzana Walker ◽  
Gill Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Family Carers ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Specialist Services ◽  
The Family ◽  
Abusive Behaviour ◽  
Conflict Tactics

BackgroundA third of family carers of people with dementia report abusive behaviour towards the person for whom they are caring. This is the first longitudinal study to investigate such behaviour.AimsTo test our hypotheses that carers' reports of abusive behaviour would increase over time, and that change in abuse scores would be predicted by change in anxiety and depression scores.MethodIn total, 131 (71.6%) of the family/friend dementia carers consecutively recruited from new referrals to Essex and London community mental health teams who were interviewed at baseline, completed the revised Modified Conflict Tactics Scale to measure abuse 1 year later.ResultsSixty-three (48.1%) of the carers reported any abusive behaviour at baseline compared with 81 (61.8%) a year later (χ2 = 6.9, P = 0.009). An increase in abuse scores was predicted by an increase in anxiety and depressive symptoms (respectively ß = 0.32, t = 3.9, P<0.001 and ß = 0.24, t = 2.9, P = 0.005), and by less domiciliary care at baseline (ß = –0.18, t =–2.2, P = 0.031).ConclusionsMost abusive behaviour reported by carers at baseline persisted or worsened in the following year, despite contact with specialist services. We suggest that trials of psychological interventions shown to reduce anxiety and depression in the carers of people with dementia are needed to determine whether they also reduce elder abuse, and can be delivered cost-effectively within the National Health Service (NHS).

scholarly journals Anxiety and Depressive Symptom Trajectories in Adolescence and the Co-Occurring Development of Cognitive Biases: Evidence from the CogBIAS Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1617-1633
Author(s):  
Annabel Songco ◽  
Charlotte Booth ◽  
Olivia Spiegler ◽  
Sam Parsons ◽  
Elaine Fox
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Memory Biases ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The development of negative cognitive biases, together with symptoms of anxiety and depression, has yet to be investigated longitudinally. Using a three-wave design, the present study examined developmental trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms and the co-occurrence of cognitive biases, in a large normative sample of adolescents (N = 504). Data was drawn from the CogBIAS Longitudinal Study (CogBIAS-L-S), which assessed a wide range of psychological variables, including cognitive biases and self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms, when adolescents were approximately 13, 14.5, and 16 years of age. The results showed that overall levels of anxiety were low and stable, while levels of depression were low but increased slightly at each wave. Growth mixture modeling identified four distinct developmental classes with regard to anxiety and depressive symptoms. Multiple group analysis further showed that class membership was related to the development of cognitive biases. The majority of the sample (75%) was characterised by ‘Low symptoms’ of anxiety and depression and showed low interpretation and memory biases for negative stimuli at each wave. A second class (11%) displayed ‘Decreasing anxiety symptoms’ and showed decreasing interpretation bias, but increasing memory bias. A third class (8%) displayed ‘Comorbid increasing symptoms’ and showed increasing interpretation and memory biases. While the fourth class (6%) displayed ‘Comorbid decreasing symptoms’ and showed decreasing interpretation and memory biases. This longitudinal study sheds light on healthy and psychopathological emotional development in adolescence and highlights cognitive mechanisms that may be useful targets for prevention and early interventions.

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