Extracellular calcium receptor as a target for glutathione and its derivatives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Ram
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Calcium ◽  
Calcium Receptor

The extracellular calcium receptor

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C Hebert ◽  
Edward M Brown
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Calcium ◽  
Calcium Receptor

scholarly journals Extracellular Calcium Receptor as a Target for Glutathione and Its Derivatives

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 717
Author(s):  
Thomas Goralski ◽  
Jeffrey L. Ram
Keyword(s):  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Binding Pocket ◽  
Extracellular Calcium ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Glutathione Disulfide ◽  
Calcium Sensing Receptor ◽  
Calcium Receptor ◽  
New Class ◽  
Calcium Sensing ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Extracellular glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) can modulate the function of the extracellular calcium sensing receptor (CaSR). The CaSR has a binding pocket in the extracellular domain of CaSR large enough to bind either GSH or GSSG, as well as the naturally occurring oxidized derivative L-cysteine glutathione disulfide (CySSG) and the compound cysteinyl glutathione (CysGSH). Modeling the binding energies (ΔG) of CySSG and CysGSH to CaSR reveals that both cysteine derivatives may have greater affinities for CaSR than either GSH or GSSG. GSH, CySSG, and GSSG are found in circulation in mammals and, among the three, CySSG is more affected by HIV/AIDs and aging than either GSH or GSSG. The beta-carbon linkage of cysteine in CysGSH may model a new class of calcimimetics, exemplified by etelcalcetide. Circulating glutathionergic compounds, particularly CySSG, may mediate calcium-regulatory responses via receptor-binding to CaSR in a variety of organs, including parathyroids, kidneys, and bones. Receptor-mediated actions of glutathionergics may thus complement their roles in redox regulation and detoxification. The glutathionergic binding site(s) on CaSR are suggested to be a target for development of drugs that can be used in treating kidney and other diseases whose mechanisms involve CaSR dysregulation.

Calcitonin-secreting cells of the thyroid express an extracellular calcium receptor gene.

Endocrinology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 136 (11) ◽  
pp. 5202-5211 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Garrett ◽  
H Tamir ◽  
O Kifor ◽  
R T Simin ◽  
K V Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Extracellular Calcium ◽  
Calcium Receptor

1059 Negative Crosstalk Between the Extracellular Calcium Receptor and ß-Catenin in Colonic Epithelium

2012 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. S-187
Author(s):  
Osvaldo Rey ◽  
Wenhan Chang ◽  
Daniel Bikle ◽  
Nora Rozengurt ◽  
Enrique Rozengurt
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Calcium ◽  
Colonic Epithelium ◽  
Calcium Receptor

Fusion and Fission Processes in Exocytosis: Possible Roles for Synexin and Osmotic Lysis in the Two Events

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 594-597
Author(s):  
H.B. Pollard ◽  
C.E. Creutz ◽  
C.J. Pazoles ◽  
J.H. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Extracellular Calcium ◽  
Large Protein ◽  
Granule Membrane ◽  
Osmotic Lysis ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Chemical Evidence

Exocytosis is a general concept describing secretion of enzymes, hormones and transmitters that are otherwise sequestered in intracellular granules. Chemical evidence for this concept was first gathered from studies on chromaffin cells in perfused adrenal glands, in which it was found that granule contents, including both large protein and small molecules such as adrenaline and ATP, were released together while the granule membrane was retained in the cell. A number of exhaustive reviews of this early work have been published and are summarized in Reference 1. The critical experiments demonstrating the importance of extracellular calcium for exocytosis per se were also first performed in this system (2,3), further indicating the substantial service given by chromaffin cells to those interested in secretory phenomena over the years.

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