Anterior-Posterior Gradient in the Integrated Processing of Forelimb Movement Direction and Distance in Macaque Parietal Cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas Hadjidimitrakis ◽  
M. De Vitis ◽  
M. Ghodrati ◽  
M. Fillipini ◽  
P. Fattori
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Integrated Processing ◽  
Forelimb Movement ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Proprioceptive activity in primate primary somatosensory cortex during active arm reaching movements

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 2280-2301 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Prud'homme ◽  
J. F. Kalaska
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Reaching Movements ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Tonic Activity ◽  
Directional Tuning ◽  
Central Target ◽  
Tonic Response

1. We studied the activity of 254 cells in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) responding to inputs from peripheral proprioceptors in a variety of tasks requiring active reaching movements of the contralateral arm. 2. The majority of cells with receptive fields on the proximal arm (shoulder and elbow) were broadly and unimodally tuned for movement direction, often with approximately sinusoidal tuning curves similar to those seen in motor and parietal cortex. 3. The predominant temporal response profiles were directionally tuned phasic bursts during movement and tonic activity that varied with different arm postures. 4. Most cells showed both phasic and tonic response components to differing degrees, and the population formed a continuum from purely phasic to purely tonic cells with no evidence of separate distinct phasic and tonic populations. This indicates that the initial cortical neuronal correlates of the introspectively distinguishable sensations of movement and position are represented in an overlapping or distributed manner in SI. 5. The directional tuning of the phasic and tonic response components of most cells was generally similar, although rarely identical. 6. We tested 62 cells during similar active and passive arm movements. Many cells showed large differences in their responses in the two conditions, presumably due to changes in peripheral receptor discharge during active muscle contractions. 7. We tested 86 cells in a convergent movement task in which monkeys made reaching movements to a single central target from eight peripheral starting positions. A majority of the cells (46 of 86, 53.5%) showed a movement direction-related hysteresis in which their tonic activity after movement to the central target varied with the direction by which the arm moved to the target. The directionality of this hysteresis was coupled with the movement-related directional tuning of the cells. 8. We recorded the discharge of 93 cells as the monkeys performed the task while compensating for loads in different directions. The large majority of cells showed a statistically significant modulation of activity as a function of load direction, which was qualitatively similar to that seen in motor cortex under similar task conditions. Quantitatively, however, the sensitivity of SI proprioceptive cells to loads was less than that seen in motor cortex but greater than in parietal cortex. 9. We interpret these results in terms of their implications for the central representation of the spatiotemporal form (“kinematics”) of arm movements and postures. Most importantly, the results emphasize the important influence of muscle contractile activity on the central proprioceptive representation of active movements.

scholarly journals Overarching Principles and Dimensions of the Functional Organization in the Inferior Parietal Cortex

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 5639-5653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina F Humphreys ◽  
Rebecca L Jackson ◽  
Matthew A Lambon Ralph
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Task Engagement ◽  
The Core ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Inferior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
Organizational Principles ◽  
Group Independent Component Analysis ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Abstract The parietal cortex (PC) is implicated in a confusing myriad of different cognitive processes/tasks. Consequently, understanding the nature and organization of the core underlying neurocomputations is challenging. According to the Parietal Unified Connectivity-biased Computation model, two properties underpin PC function and organization. Firstly, PC is a multidomain, context-dependent buffer of time- and space-varying input, the function of which, over time, becomes sensitive to the statistical temporal/spatial structure of events. Secondly, over and above this core buffering computation, differences in long-range connectivity will generate graded variations in task engagement across subregions. The current study tested these hypotheses using a group independent component analysis technique with two independent functional magnetic resonance imaging datasets (task and resting state data). Three functional organizational principles were revealed: Factor 1, inferior PC was sensitive to the statistical structure of sequences for all stimulus types (pictures, sentences, numbers); Factor 2, a dorsal–ventral variation in generally task-positive versus task-negative (variable) engagement; and Factor 3, an anterior–posterior dimension in inferior PC reflecting different engagement in verbal versus visual tasks, respectively. Together, the data suggest that the core neurocomputation implemented by PC is common across domains, with graded task engagement across regions reflecting variations in the connectivity of task-specific networks that interact with PC.

scholarly journals Kinematic analysis of bimanual movements during food handling by head-fixed rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 490-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakazu Igarashi ◽  
Jeff Wickens
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Bimanual Coordination ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Food Handling ◽  
Bimanual Movements ◽  
Forelimb Movement ◽  
Forelimb Movements

Bimanual coordination, in which both hands work together to achieve a goal, is crucial for the basic needs of life, such as gathering and feeding. Such coordinated motor skill is highly developed in primates, where it has been most extensively studied. Rodents also exhibit remarkable dexterity and coordination of forelimbs during food handling and consumption. However, rodents have been less commonly used in the study of bimanual coordination because of limited quantitative measuring techniques. In this article we describe a high-resolution tracking system that enables kinematic analysis of rat forelimb movement. The system is used to quantify forelimb movements bilaterally in head-fixed rats during food handling and consumption. Forelimb movements occurring naturally during feeding were encoded as continuous three-dimensional trajectories. The trajectories were then automatically segmented and analyzed, using a novel algorithm, according to the laterality of movement speed or the asymmetry of movement direction across the forelimbs. Bilateral forelimb movements were frequently observed during spontaneous food handling. Both symmetry and asymmetry in movement direction were frequently observed, with symmetric bilateral movements quantitatively more common. The proposed method overcomes a limitation in the precise quantification of bimanual coordination in rodents. This enables the use of powerful rodent-based research tools such as optogenetics and chemogenetics in the further investigation of neural mechanisms of bimanual coordination. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We describe a new method for quantifying and classifying three-dimensional, bilateral forelimb trajectories in head-fixed rats. The method overcomes limits on quantifying bimanual coordination in rats. When applied to kinematic analysis of food handling behavior, continuous forelimb trajectories were automatically segmented and classified. Bilateral forelimb movements were observed more frequently than unilateral movements during spontaneous food handling. Both symmetry and asymmetry in movement direction were frequently observed. However, symmetric bilateral forelimb movements were more common.

scholarly journals Decoding the rat forelimb movement direction from epidural and intracortical field potentials

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 036013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc W Slutzky ◽  
Luke R Jordan ◽  
Eric W Lindberg ◽  
Kevin E Lindsay ◽  
Lee E Miller
Keyword(s):  
Movement Direction ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Forelimb Movement

scholarly journals Parallel Hippocampal-Parietal Circuits for Self- and Goal-oriented Processing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Zheng ◽  
David F. Montez ◽  
Scott Marek ◽  
Adrian W. Gilmore ◽  
Dillan J. Newbold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Memory Network ◽  
Stimulus Recognition ◽  
Anterior Posterior

SUMMARYThe hippocampus is critically important for a diverse range of cognitive processes, such as episodic memory, prospective memory, affective processing, and spatial navigation. The human hippocampus has been thought of as being solely functionally connected to a set of neocortical regions known as the default mode network (DMN), which supports self-referential cognition. Using individual-specific precision functional mapping of resting state fMRI data, we found the anterior hippocampus (head and body) to be preferentially connected to the DMN as expected. The hippocampal tail, however, was strongly preferentially connected to the parietal memory network (PMN), which supports goal-oriented cognition and stimulus recognition. This resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) anterior-posterior dichotomy was well-matched by differences in task deactivations and anatomical segmentations of the hippocampus. Task deactivations were localized to the head and body of the hippocampus (DMN), relatively sparing the tail (PMN). Anterior and posterior hippocampal connectivity was network-specific even though the DMN and PMN are interdigitated in medial parietal cortex. The functional dichotomization of the hippocampus into anterior DMN-connected and posterior PMN-connected parcels suggests parallel, but distinct circuits between the hippocampus and medial parietal cortex for self vs. goal-oriented processing.

scholarly journals Overarching principles and dimensions of the functional organisation in the inferior parietal cortex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina F. Humphreys ◽  
Rebecca L. Jackson ◽  
Matthew A. Lambon Ralph
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Task Engagement ◽  
Statistical Structure ◽  
The Core ◽  
Inferior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Functional Organisation ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
Group Ica ◽  
Anterior Posterior

AbstractThe parietal cortex (PC) is implicated in a confusing myriad of different cognitive processes/tasks. Consequently, understanding the nature and organisation of the core underlying neurocomputations is challenging. According to the Parietal Unified Connectivity-biased Computation (PUCC) model two properties underpin PC function and organisation. Firstly, PC is a multi-domain, context-dependent buffer of time-and space-varying input, the function of which, over time, becomes sensitive to the statistical temporal/spatial structure of events. Secondly, over and above this core buffering computation, differences in long-range connectivity will generate graded variations in task engagement across subregions. The current study tested these hypotheses using a group ICA technique with two independent fMRI datasets (task and resting state data). Three functional organisational principles were revealed. Factor 1: inferior PC was sensitive to the statistical structure of sequences for all stimulus types (pictures, sentences, numbers). Factor 2: a dorsal-ventral variation in generally task-positive vs. task-negative (variable) engagement. Factor 3: An anterior-posterior dimension in inferior PC reflecting different engagement in verbal vs. visual tasks, respectively. Together the data suggest that the core neurocomputation implemented by PC is common across domains, with graded task engagement across regions reflecting variations in the connectivity of task-specific networks that interact with parietal cortex.

Representations of Movement Direction in the Primate Parietal Cortex

Neurosurgery ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 701-701
Author(s):  
Emad Eskandar ◽  
John Assad
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Movement Direction

Musical Anhedonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Sara E. Holm ◽  
Alexander Schmidt ◽  
Christoph J. Ploner
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Precise Information ◽  
Exact Localization ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract. Some people, although they are perfectly healthy and happy, cannot enjoy music. These individuals have musical anhedonia, a condition which can be congenital or may occur after focal brain damage. To date, only a few cases of acquired musical anhedonia have been reported in the literature with lesions of the temporo-parietal cortex being particularly important. Even less literature exists on congenital musical anhedonia, in which impaired connectivity of temporal brain regions with the Nucleus accumbens is implicated. Nonetheless, there is no precise information on the prevalence, causes or exact localization of both congenital and acquired musical anhedonia. However, the frequent involvement of temporo-parietal brain regions in neurological disorders such as stroke suggest the possibility of a high prevalence of this disorder, which leads to a considerable reduction in the quality of life.

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