How EU Directives on GHG Emissions Discriminate Against... EU Member States and Their Citizens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasil Gechev
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Eu Directives

Labour Immigration Policy in the European Union: How to Overcome the Tension between Further Europeanisation and the Protection of National Interests?

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-223
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste Farcy
Keyword(s):  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Labour Immigration ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This article critically assesses EU harmonisation in the field of labour immigration. It argues that EU directives are limited both in scope and intensity which explains their relatively low effectiveness and added value. Given the current political and institutional context, the article claims that a truly common labour immigration policy is unrealistic. Labour immigration remains a predominantly national prerogative and EU rules have done little to overcome normative competition between EU Member States. Looking forward, the EU should adopt complementary measures to Member States’ policies. The role of the EU in this sensitive policy area should be better defined and justified, in particular in relation to the principle of subsidiarity.

Europäisierung der Regulierungsbehörden im Energiesektor im Vergleich

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-238
Author(s):  
Johannes Socher
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Regulatory Authorities ◽  
Administrative Culture ◽  
Eu Directives

With Britain’s decision to leave the European Union, the question of the lasting legacy of a specific English administrative culture in the remaining member states arises. Although often treated as an import from the United States, this article argues that the British model of independent regulatory authorities is one of the most formative contributions to a common European administrative culture, forcing other EU member states to rethink fundamental ideas of democratic legitimacy. Taking national regulatory authorities in the energy sector as an example, this contribution shows how British approaches towards organisation and independence of these authorities played a decisive role in the drafting of the relevant EU directives. Consequently, only few changes in UK national legislation where necessary to comply, while in Germany major reforms were due, being the only member state in which no regulatory authority existed in the energy sector prior to the implementation of the EU directives. The analysis of these European requirements, the British influence on them, and the different ways of their implementation in the United Kingdom and Germany are the subject of this article.

The transposition of European law in EU member states: between process and politics

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Steunenberg ◽  
Mark Rhinard
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
European Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Critical Stage ◽  
Member States ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Eu Directives

This paper illuminates a critical stage of the implementation of European law: the transposition of European Union (EU) directives. Directives must be transposed into national policies in order to give effect to European law, yet most national authorities experience considerable transposition difficulties. For this reason, the study of transposition has become a focal point within the broader research agenda on non-compliance in the European Union. Highlighting several popular explanatory variables but noting the sometimes contradictory results that follow from empirical testing, this paper outlines an approach that views transposition as a process taking place largely within ministerial agencies rather than across government systems. By using variables related to these domestic processes in our empirical analysis, the paper shows how such an approach can help to explain the way in which member states transpose EU directives.

scholarly journals Analysing the Energy Efficiency of EU Member States: The Potential of Energy Recovery from Waste in the Circular Economy

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3718 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Halkos ◽  
Kleoniki Natalia Petrou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Final Energy Consumption ◽  
The Eu

This paper examines energy efficiency across 28 selected European Union (EU) Member States and reviews the potential for energy recovery from waste according to the efficiency scores obtained. The efficiencies are assessed through data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the following variables are used, inputs: final energy consumption, labour, capital, population density and outputs: gross domestic product (GDP), nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, sulphur oxide (SOx) emissions and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for the years 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016. Results show that most countries maintain their efficiency scores with only a few marginally improving theirs and at the same time, it is noticed that most are decreasing after 2012. Based on these efficiency scores, this paper recommends moving towards waste-to-energy with two main objectives, namely sufficient and sustainable energy production and effective treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW). This option would enhance the circular economy, whereas prioritization needs to be given to prevention, preparation for reuse, recycling and energy recovery through to disposal. Together with the EU Commission’s competition strategy, these options would ensure reliable energy supplies at rational prices and with the least environmental impacts. Moreover the efficiency scores need to be examined along the financial crisis which has been affecting the EU since 2008, showing a decrease in those efficiency scores after 2012 under a more imminent crisis.

scholarly journals International legal regulation of non-standard forms of employment

2020 ◽  
pp. 522-532
Author(s):  
Savchuk Sergiy
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Temporary Employment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Member States ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
International Instruments

The article is devoted to the research of international experiences in the area of regulation of non-standard forms of employment. Currently, the issues relating to labour rights are regulated by an entire system of international instruments, including the Charter of the United Nations (1945), the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions and Recommendations of International Labour Organization. In addition, according to the Article 424 of Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part (2014), our country shall ensure gradual approximation to the EU law, standards and practices in the area of employment, social policy and equal opportunities. The article provides an analysis of ILO Conventions and Recommendations as well as EU Directives on issues of temporary employment, part-time work, on-call work, outstaffing and other multiparty labour relations; disguised labour relations and dependent self-employment. It pays special attention to reflect subcontractual relations in the provisions of international labour law. It is concluded that even though subcontractual relations cannot be directly covered by labour law, some ILO Conventions and EU Directives reflect them in their provisions. It draws conclusion that despite the fact that non-standard forms of employment emerged almost along with standard labour relations, the regulation of the former at the level of international instruments appeared only in the second half of the XXth - beginning of the XXIst centuries. At present, non-standard forms of employment are covered by international instruments only partially. At the same time, such coverage is not comprehensive nor focused specifically on non-standard employment. The provisions of the ILO and EU instruments are characterized by a harmonious co-relation regarding the regulation of non-standard forms of employment. This is due to the fact that many EU member states have ratified ILO Conventions addressing non-standard forms of employment.

scholarly journals Between independence and autonomous adaptation: The Europeanization of television regulation in non-EU member states

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Puppis
Keyword(s):  
Document Analysis ◽  
European Level ◽  
Member States ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Community Law ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Advertising Regulation ◽  
Autonomous Adaptation ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
Scholarly Attention

AbstractTelevision regulation is increasingly Europeanized. While the transposition of community law into national legislation in EU member states has been widely discussed, scholarly attention is less frequently devoted to the Europeanization of non-member states. This paper investigates how television regulation in non-EU members has been influenced by European audiovisual policy since the liberalization of broadcasting. Focusing on the case of Switzerland and putting it into a wider context, changes in television regulation and their connection to the European level were analyzed by performing a qualitative document analysis. Results indicate that the degree of Europeanization in Switzerland differs remarkably from other non-member states like Norway. While advertising regulation was brought in line with less-strict EU directives, a public value test or compliance with state aid rules were not even discussed. Yet similar to other non-members, rules were adopted without having a say in their development.

ECO-EFFICIENCY IN AGRICULTURE OF EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (4) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ľubica Bartová ◽  
Peter Fendel ◽  
Eva Matejková
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Distance Functions ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Member States ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Technological Improvement ◽  
European Union Member States

The objective of the paper is to estimate efficiency and eco-efficiency of agriculture in 24 EU Member States from 2006 to 2015. In the study, a panel of yearly aggregated data [Eurostat 2018] of the total value of agricultural goods output (AGO), labour (AWU), utilised agricultural area (UAA), fertilisers N, P, K (NPK) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of agriculture of selected EU Member States were used. The directional distance functions (DDF) approach both with and without undesirable output (GHG emission) were employed. Malmquist-Luenberger indices were applied to measure productivity changes and their decomposition to identify sources of these changes. GHG emission reduction per agricultural output in all EU MS was observed. Significant growth of GHG per UAA occurred especially in the OMS: The Netherlands, Austria, Germany, France, while an increase of GHG per UAA was less pronounced in Bulgaria, Latvia, Hungary (NMS). The highest efficiency and eco-efficiency in agricultural production over 2006-2015 was reached by the Netherlands and Denmark. The most inefficient and eco-inefficient agriculture was noted in the agriculture of Ireland and Finland (OMS). The highest inefficiency among NMS was detected in the agriculture of Lithuania, Poland and Latvia, while the most eco-inefficient were Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. Improvement of productivity and eco-productivity due to technological improvement occurred in all 24 EU MS. Agricultural technical eco-efficiency fell in Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, Portugal and Hungary.

Determinants of Transposition Delay in the European Union

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL KAEDING
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Veto Players ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
The Uk

Europeanization involves the transposition and implementation of European legislation in EU member states. Whereas EU policy implementation is explicitly recognized as the responsibility of the member states, the new emphasis on benchmarking recognizes that different implementation strategies can be beneficial, provided the outcome is appropriate. New data representing the full EU transport acquis from 1957 to 2004 and the national transposition instruments derived from data bases for Germany, Greece, the UK, Spain and the Netherlands show that only 39 per cent of the acquis was transposed in time. Why do member states not transpose EU directives on time? Logistic and multinomial logistic analysis explains this in terms of the level of complexity of EU directives; the use of national legal instruments that include considerable de facto veto players; and the shorter the transposition time set in the directive, the more delayed the transposition process.

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