Willingness to Vaccinate Against SARS-CoV-2: The Role of Reasoning Biases and Conspiracist Ideation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bronstein ◽  
Erich Kummerfeld ◽  
Angus MacDonald III ◽  
Sophia Vinogradov
Keyword(s):  
Reasoning Biases

scholarly journals Willingness to vaccinate against SARS-CoV-2: The role of reasoning biases and conspiracist ideation

Vaccine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael V. Bronstein ◽  
Erich Kummerfeld ◽  
Angus MacDonald ◽  
Sophia Vinogradov
Keyword(s):  
Reasoning Biases

Cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Kuipers ◽  
Paul Bebbington
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Social Adversity ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Positive Symptoms Of Psychosis ◽  
Reasoning Biases

SummaryAims – It used to be thought that the problems of psychosis were qualitatively difference from those of other disorders and therefore unamenable to psychological interventions. However more recent evidence will be summarised which suggests otherwise. Methods – A cognitive model of the positive symptoms of psychosis (Garety et al, 2001; Kuipers et al.,2006) is described which builds on work on the dimensions of symptoms of psychosis, the continuum between non-clinical and clinical populations, and the contribution of emotional processes, cognitive reasoning biases and social factors. Results – Evidence from both epidemiological and empirical studies from our research group and others, support some of the pathways of symptom formation and maintenance proposed by the model. Specifically there is evidence for the role of trauma, social adversity and stress. These may trigger emotional responses and unusual experiences and together with reasoning biases lead to appraisals that can be defined as positive symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. Similar processes interact to maintain symptoms. Conclusions – Cognitive models of psychosis have led to the development of cognitive behavioural treatments for delusions and hallucinations, which show some evidence of efficacy. Such treatments need to be refined in the light of recent research.Declaration of Interest: none

Individual differences in epistemically suspect beliefs: The role of susceptibility to cognitive biases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Šrol
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Probabilistic Reasoning ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Political Liberalism ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
Analytic Thinking ◽  
Evaluation Of Evidence ◽  
Reasoning Biases

The endorsement of epistemically suspect (i.e. paranormal, conspiracy, and pseudoscientific) beliefs is widespread and has negative real-life consequences. Therefore, it is important to understand individual differences in epistemically suspect beliefs and their associations with systematic reasoning errors – cognitive biases. In Study 1 (N = 263), I constructed a novel questionnaire of epistemically suspect beliefs and examined its psychometric properties and relationships with probabilistic reasoning biases. In Study 2 (N = 397), I examined probabilistic reasoning biases and biased evaluation of evidence as predictors of the endorsement of epistemically suspect beliefs, while accounting for analytic thinking and worldview variables. Although probabilistic reasoning biases, analytic thinking, religious faith, and political liberalism consistently predicted epistemically suspect beliefs, the effect of biased evaluation of evidence was partialled out by analytic thinking. Further research will be needed to examine the interplay between analytic thinking and the tendency toward information evaluation biased by one’s existing beliefs.

Research Letter: From stress to paranoia: an experimental investigation of the moderating and mediating role of reasoning biases

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
TANIA M. LINCOLN ◽  
NINA PETER ◽  
MANUELA SCHÄFER ◽  
STEFFEN MORITZ
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Reasoning Biases

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

Refining our understanding of the “elephant in the room”

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Technological Culture

Abstract The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.

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