The Menace of Legitimacy Crisis and Insecurity in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic: A Discourse Using Thomas Hobbes Social Contract Theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulyakeen Abdulrasheed
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Contract Theory ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Social Contract Theory ◽  
Fourth Republic ◽  
Legitimacy Crisis

scholarly journals resume hukum tatanegara

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
riska aprilia
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Contract Theory ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Social Contract Theory ◽  
General Election ◽  
The Political ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Political Candidate

Social contract is a conception about new power relationship between elite and people which is formulated in order tofulfill a demandforpolitical renewal which is need a continuity, not stagnation nor deterioration. We need to reconstruct any aspect o f social contract theory in order to understandabout social contract relevance with general election. The general election as a contract social guaranteed rights and obligation ofthe voters and the leaders. The contract mechanism between voters and political candidate is related by trust. The object of trust itself in general election is morality. The political contract consistency based on trust is afoundation for building a State as a moral entity, which is made by morally human being.Kinerja penguasa sistem dan pemerintahan negara Indonesia dalam lima tahun terakhir yang jauh dari harapan rakyat dan pemilih dalam pemilu pertama di era reformasi pada 1999, tampaknya melatari wacana politik tentang kontrak sosial menjelang Pemilu 2004. Diperbincangkan argumen penggunaannya untuk memperbaiki proses Pemilu dan terutama kinerja pemimpin yang terpilih dan berkuasa atas negara. Diperdebatkan kemungkinan formatnya yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan Indonesia dewasa ini. Dibahas pula strategi untuk menerapkannya dalam rangka pemilu.Sejauh ini berbagai gagasan sudah dikemukakan. Akan tetapi belum diperoleh kemajuan yang berarti, baik secara konsepsional maupun aplikatif. Karena itu, ada baiknya ditelusuri konsepsi tentang aspek-aspeknya sejauh berkaitan dengan Pemilu, dengan harapan berguna sebagai pemancing inspirasi.Kontrak sosial sebagai perjanjian di antara masyarakat dengan kaum elite yang diwakili oleh penguasa, berakar kepada pemikiran politik dari abad ke-16 sampai k e - 18 di Eropa Barat, terutama karya Thomas Hobbes, Jhon Locke, dan Jean Jacques Rousseau. M ereka adalah bagian dari golongan pem ikir besar Eropa yang merespons peralihan era revolusi pertanian pertama di pertengahan abad ke-16 menujurevolusi keagungan dan revolusi ilmu pengetahuan di akhir abad ke-18. Pemikiran mereka menapaki perjalanan panjang pergeseran kekuasaan dari raja dan kaum bangsawan kepada kaum feodal yang semakin mendominasi parlemen, sebagai imbalan bagi kontribusi pajak mereka yang semakin menentukan sumber keuangan kerajaan.Kontrak sosial merupakan konsepsi tentang hubungan kekuasaan baru di antara penguasa dengan rakyat, yang dirumuskan untuk menjawab tuntutan pembaharuan politik yangmemerlukan keberlanjutan, bukan kemandekan apalagi kemunduran. Itulah sebabnya maka para pemikir tersebut, mengetengahkan kontrak sosial guna menegaskan bahwa bukan raja, akan tetapi rakyat yang merupakan pemilik kedaulatan. Bahwa penguasa harus memperoleh kepercayaan rakyat supaya bisa memerintah secara sah. Bahwa untuk itu, baik penguasa maupun rakyat harus mempunyai tanggung

The Hobbesian Hypothesis: How a Colonial Prejudice Became an Essential Premise in the Most Popular Justification of Government

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Widerquist ◽  
Grant S. McCall
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Contract Theory ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Social Contract Theory ◽  
The State ◽  
Moral Standard ◽  
Empirical Claim ◽  
Lockean Proviso ◽  
Disadvantaged People

This chapter introduces the role of “the Hobbesian hypothesis” in social contract theory by discussing how Thomas Hobbes introduced it. It defines the version of “the Lockean proviso” relevant to social contract theory as the following moral standard: for a state to be justified virtually everyone must be better off under the state than they could reasonably expect to be in any stateless environment. The chapter defines the contractarian version of “the Hobbesian hypothesis” as the empirical claim that the Lockean proviso is fulfilled by the state: the state benefits everyone or at least everyone who prefers safety to a perilous environment devoid of security. The chapter argues that any plausible justification of existing states drawn from broadly Hobbesian or contractarian principles relies on this hypothesis as an empirical premise comparing the welfare of disadvantaged people in state society and people in stateless societies.

Egoism, Reason, and the Social Contract

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Martinich
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Contract Theory ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Social Contract Theory ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Civil State ◽  
The Social

Bernard Gert’s distinctive interpretation of the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes in his recent book may be questioned in at least three areas: (1) Even if Hobbes is not a psychological egoist, he seems to be a desire egoist, which has the consequence, as he understands it, that a person acts at least for his own good in every action. (2) Although there are several senses of reason, it seems that Hobbes uses the idea that reason is calculation of means to ends; while such calculation sets intermediate goals, reason itself does not set ultimate ends. (3) Hobbes’s political theory is best understood as a form of social contract theory because subjects covenant among themselves to authorize the sovereign to protect them; authorization has the consequence that subjects give some of the their rights to the sovereign; but this gifting of rights is not the essence of the origin of the civil state.

resume hukum tatanegara

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naura mutiara johan
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Contract Theory ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Social Contract Theory ◽  
General Election ◽  
The Political ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Political Candidate

Social contract is a conception about new power relationship between elite and people which is formulated in order tofulfill a demandforpolitical renewal which is need a continuity, not stagnation nor deterioration. We need to reconstruct any aspect o f social contract theory in order to understandabout social contract relevance with general election. The general election as a contract social guaranteed rights and obligation ofthe voters and the leaders. The contract mechanism between voters and political candidate is related by trust. The object of trust itself in general election is morality. The political contract consistency based on trust is afoundation for building a State as a moral entity, which is made by morally human being.Kinerja penguasa sistem dan pemerintahan negara Indonesia dalam lima tahun terakhir yang jauh dari harapan rakyat dan pemilih dalam pemilu pertama di era reformasi pada 1999, tampaknya melatari wacana politik tentang kontrak sosial menjelang Pemilu 2004. Diperbincangkan argumen penggunaannya untuk memperbaiki proses Pemilu dan terutama kinerja pemimpin yang terpilih dan berkuasa atas negara. Diperdebatkan kemungkinan formatnya yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan Indonesia dewasa ini. Dibahas pula strategi untuk menerapkannya dalam rangka pemilu.Sejauh ini berbagai gagasan sudah dikemukakan. Akan tetapi belum diperoleh kemajuan yang berarti, baik secara konsepsional maupun aplikatif. Karena itu, ada baiknya ditelusuri konsepsi tentang aspek-aspeknya sejauh berkaitan dengan Pemilu, dengan harapan berguna sebagai pemancing inspirasi.Kontrak sosial sebagai perjanjian di antara masyarakat dengan kaum elite yang diwakili oleh penguasa, berakar kepada pemikiran politik dari abad ke-16 sampai k e - 18 di Eropa Barat, terutama karya Thomas Hobbes, Jhon Locke, dan Jean Jacques Rousseau. M ereka adalah bagian dari golongan pem ikir besar Eropa yang merespons peralihan era revolusi pertanian pertama di pertengahan abad ke-16 menujurevolusi keagungan dan revolusi ilmu pengetahuan di akhir abad ke-18. Pemikiran mereka menapaki perjalanan panjang pergeseran kekuasaan dari raja dan kaum bangsawan kepada kaum feodal yang semakin mendominasi parlemen, sebagai imbalan bagi kontribusi pajak mereka yang semakin menentukan sumber keuangan kerajaan.Kontrak sosial merupakan konsepsi tentang hubungan kekuasaan baru di antara penguasa dengan rakyat, yang dirumuskan untuk menjawab tuntutan pembaharuan politik yangmemerlukan keberlanjutan, bukan kemandekan apalagi kemunduran. Itulah sebabnya maka para pemikir tersebut, mengetengahkan kontrak sosial guna menegaskan bahwa bukan raja, akan tetapi rakyat yang merupakan pemilik kedaulatan. Bahwa penguasa harus memperoleh kepercayaan rakyat supaya bisa memerintah secara sah. Bahwa untuk itu, baik penguasa maupun rakyat harus mempunyai tanggung

scholarly journals Contracting for Catastrophe:Legitimizing Emergency Constitutions by Drawing on Social Contract Theory

Res Publica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Contract Theory ◽  
Social Contract Theory ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Half Century ◽  
States Of Emergency ◽  
The World

AbstractStates of emergency are declared frequently in all parts of the world. Their declaration routinely implies a suspension of basic constitutional rights. In the last half century, it has become the norm for constitutions to contain an explicit ‘emergency constitution’, i.e., the constitutionally safeguarded rules of operation for a state of emergency. In this paper, I ask whether inclusion of an emergency constitution can be legitimized by drawing on social contract theory. I argue that there are important arguments, both against and in favor of constitutionalized emergency provisions, and that social contract theory—as applied by economists—can be of some help when deciding whether to have, or not to have an emergency constitution. This paper introduces a novel argument for justifying emergency constitutions. It argues that they can serve as a commitment mechanism protecting both citizens and politicians from overreacting to rare but significant threats.

scholarly journals Evaluating social contract theory in the light of evolutionary social science

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Paul Seabright ◽  
Jonathan Stieglitz ◽  
Karine Van der Straeten
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Contract Theory ◽  
Social Contract Theory

scholarly journals Konsep Nation-State dalam Pemikiran Ideologi Politik Melayu Islam pada Abad Ke-19 M (Studi Pemikiran Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir Munsyi (1787-1854)

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-146
Author(s):  
Andi Chandra Jaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Contract Theory ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Social Contract Theory ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Nation State ◽  
State Management ◽  
The Social

The focus of this study is to answer the subject matter of how the concept of the nation-state according to Abdullah Munsyi in the constellation of Malay Islamic political ideology in the 19th century AD and how is the relevance of the concept of the current Indonesian nation state ? The study used the conscience morale theory of Ernest Renan and the social contract theory initiated by J. J. Roussae. This research is included in the library research category and uses historical approaches and political philosophy. The primary data in this study are Abdullah Musnyi's Hikayat Abdullah book published by Yayasan Karyawan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 2007 and secondary data, in the form of books, journal articles, papers, and others related to research problems. the findings of the research are: 1). In accordance with the theory of conscience morale Ernest Renan and the social contract theory initiated by J. J. Roussae, Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir Munsyi was the originator of nationalism. Through his most important work, Hikayat Abdullah, he put forward the formulation of Malay identity in the formulation of the nation which was understood as a Malay tribe or race who had the right to be involved in determining the Malay political format not as a community under a political system that was authoritarian. 2). His closeness with the British colonial side, thus forming the liberal thinking he obtained from Raffles and his friends. He not only dismantled the manipulation of royal ideology, but at the same time put forward a new view of the existence of a humanist individual. 3). The understanding of nationality has egalitarian values ​​that are very relevant to the current Indonesian context, especially the values ​​of equality (egalitarianism) in the midst of the emergence of conflicts in various conflicts today. Likewise the concept of nation-state is closely related to nationalism and good governance where good governance is based on the absolute existence of transparency, open participation, and accountability in all state activities at every level of state management, so that a clean government is formed. Keywords: Abdullah Munsyi, Nation-State, and Malay Political ideology

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