Utilization of Naturally Available Moringa Oleifera Leaves as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production: Catalyst Characterization, Process Optimization and ANN Modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Kolakoti ◽  
T. Eswara Rao ◽  
K. Arun Kumar ◽  
M. V. V. Chandana Lakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Process Optimization ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Catalyst Characterization ◽  
Ann Modeling ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Leaves

scholarly journals Bifunctional Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samya Elias ◽  
Ademola M Rabiu ◽  
Benjamin I Okeleye ◽  
Vincent Okudoh ◽  
Oluwaseun Oyekola
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Catalyst Characterization ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Waste Vegetable Oil

Bifunctional solid catalysts facilitate the esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) into alkyl esters alongside the transesterification reaction, which allows for the use of waste vegetable oils with high water and FFA contents for biodiesel production. This makes the process economically viable and greener, as the waste fats and oils are readily available. The concurrent esterification and transesterification of waste palm oil (WPO) and waste sunflower oil (WSO) with methanol was investigated in the presence of calcium oxide on alumina catalyst in a conventional batch process. The catalyst characterization showed the existence of calcium oxide aluminates (calcined at 750 °C), which exhibited crystalline phases with porous/spongy-like particles. The high concentration of CaO in CaO/Al2O3 was a favorable support material in the heterogeneously-catalyzed transesterification reactions. The optimum catalyst parameters for the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were observed at 65 °C for 4 h with a methanol-to-oil ratio of 9:1, 60% (waste palm oil, or WPO) and 80% (waste sunflower oil, or WSO), CaO/Al2O3 (% wt/wt) catalyst ratio as well as 4% CaO/Al2O3 concentration (% wt.) for WSO and WPO. The simultaneous esterification/transesterification reactions at optimum conditions on WPO and WSO led to high yield of FAMEs of 89, 61 and 55% for WPO and 54, 75 and 98% for WSO at catalyst ratios (wt %) of 60, 70 and 80% respectively. The use of bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst (CaO/Al2O3) with waste vegetable oil can result in high performance and the upscaling of biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Reutealis Trisperma Oil Using KOH Impregnated Eggshell as a Heterogeneous Catalyst

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3714
Author(s):  
Kusmiyati Kusmiyati ◽  
Didik Prasetyoko ◽  
Siwi Murwani ◽  
Muthiah Nur Fadhilah ◽  
Titie Prapti Oetami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Catalyst Characterization ◽  
Molar Ratios

This research paper describes the synthesis of a heterogeneous catalyst (Potassium hydroxide (KOH)-impregnated eggshell) from waste chicken eggshell using the wet impregnation technique. In this experiment, the catalyst was derived from eggshell that was calcined at 800 °C for 5 h. It was impregnated with KOH at various KOH concentrations (10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%). The best catalyst was obtained by eggshell impregnated with 20% KOH concentration. This result was supported by the analysis of the catalyst characterization using Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), which showed that the catalyst contained CaCO3 and CaOH groups. X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) was also used to analyze the types of mineral contained in the catalyst, including calcium, potassium, sulfur, and other impurities. It revealed that the optimum minerals were found in the KOH-impregnated eggshell (20%) catalyst of 94.42% calcium, 5.06% potassium, and a small amount of other impurities. These optimum minerals serve as active sites to increase the biodiesel yield. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the catalyst samples appear as small, spherical, homogenous, and solid particles. The catalytic activity was investigated by the transesterification of Reutalism trisperma oil in various types of catalyst (KOH-impregnated eggshell, eggshell, and KOH-impregnated CaO), percentages of catalyst loading (weight of 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10%) and molar ratios (methanol to oil of 6:1, 8:1, 10:1, 12:1, and 15:1) for 60 min at 60 °C. The result indicated the optimum catalyst loading was 5 wt% with an 84.57% biodiesel yield. While the best molar ratio was 12:1 (methanol:oil) with a 97.95% biodiesel yield. The optimum condition was gained using a molar ratio of 12:1, 5 wt% catalyst loading, and KOH-impregnated eggshell with a 94% biodiesel yield.

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