scholarly journals Indirect Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Childhood Infection in England: A Population Based Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seilesh Kadambari ◽  
Raphael Goldacre ◽  
Eva Morris ◽  
Michael Goldacre ◽  
Andrew Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Childhood Infection

Sex Differences in the Meaning of Parent and Teacher Ratings of ADHD Behaviors: An Observational Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 1847-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda J. Meyer ◽  
Jim Stevenson ◽  
Edmund J. S. Sonuga-Barke
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Teacher Ratings ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Parent And Teacher Ratings

Objective: To test explanations for the underrecognition of female ADHD by examining differences in adult ratings of boys and girls matched for levels of directly observed ADHD behaviors. Method: In a secondary analysis of a population-based sample, 3- to 4-year-olds ( n = 153, 79 male) and 8- to 9-year-olds ( n = 144, 75 male) were grouped according to levels of directly observed ADHD behaviors (low/moderate/high). Groups were then compared with parent/teacher ADHD ratings. Results: There were no sex differences in levels of directly observed ADHD behaviors within groups. For preschoolers, parents’ ratings of males, but not females, significantly increased across groups—mirroring levels of observed behaviors. For older children, both parent and teacher mean ratings were significantly higher for males than females across groups. Conclusion: Identified differences in adult ratings of males and females matched for directly observed behaviors may contribute to understanding the substantial ADHD underrecognition in females.

scholarly journals Bacterial meningitis in Finland, 1995–2014: a population-based observational study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. e015080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Polkowska ◽  
Maija Toropainen ◽  
Jukka Ollgren ◽  
Outi Lyytikäinen ◽  
J. Pekka Nuorti
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Population Based

scholarly journals Risk of Headache-Related Healthcare Visits in Patients With Celiac Disease: A Population-Based Observational Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 849-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Lebwohl ◽  
Abhik Roy ◽  
Armin Alaedini ◽  
Peter H.R. Green ◽  
Jonas F. Ludvigsson
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Population Based

scholarly journals Effectiveness of live attenuated monovalent human rotavirus vaccination in rural Ecuador, 2008-2013

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia N. M. Kraay ◽  
Edward L. Ionides ◽  
Gwenyth O. Lee ◽  
William F. Cevallos Trujillo ◽  
Joseph N.S. Eisenberg
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Human Rotavirus ◽  
Overall Effectiveness

AbstractBackgroundWhile live attenuated monovalent human rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) efficacy has been characterized through randomized studies, its effectiveness, especially in non-clinical settings, is unclear. In this study, we estimate direct, indirect, and overall effectiveness of Rotarix vaccination.MethodsWe analyze 29 months of all-cause diarrhea surveillance from a child cohort (n=376) and ten years of serial population-based case-control lab-confirmed rotavirus data (n=2489) from rural Ecuador during which Rotarix vaccination was introduced. We estimate: 1) the direct effect of vaccination from a cohort of children born from 2008-2013 using Cox regression to compare time to first all-cause diarrhea case by vaccine status; and 2) the overall effect on all-cause diarrheal and symptomatic and asymptomatic rotavirus infection for all age groups, including indirect effects on adults, from the case-control data using weighted logistic regression.ResultsRotarix vaccination provided direct protection against all-cause diarrhea among children 0.5 - 2 years (All-cause diarrhea reduction for receipt of 2 doses of Rotarix=57.1%, 95% CI: 16.6, 77.9%). Overall effectiveness against rotavirus infection was strong (Exposure to 100% coverage of Rotarix vaccination was associated with an 85.5% reduction, 95% CI: 61.1-94.6%) compared to 0% coverage. Indirect effects were observed among older, vaccine-ineligible children and adults (84.5% reduction, 95% CI: 48.2-95.4%). Vaccine effectiveness was high against both symptomatic (48.3% reduction,95% CI: 0.03-73.1%) and asymptomatic infection (90.1% reduction, 95% CI: 56.9-97.7%).ConclusionsRotarix vaccination suppresses overall transmission. It is highly effective among children in a rural community setting and provides population-level benefits through indirect protection among adults.

scholarly journals Patterns and outcomes of traumatic neck injuries: A population-based observational study

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Mathew ◽  
Mahwish Khawar ◽  
Mohammad Asim ◽  
Husham Abdelrahman ◽  
Ruben Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Neck Injuries
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