Особое Совещание о нуждах сельскохозяйственной промышленности как механизм формирования экономической политики России начала XX века (Special Meeting on the Needs of the Agricultural Industry and as a Mechanism of Economic Policy in Russia at the Beginning of the 20th Century)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Bespalov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Special Meeting

scholarly journals ATTEMPTS OF THE AGRARIAN REFORM AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY, OR OPPOSITION OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS AND THE MINISTRY OF FINANCE IN SOLVING THE PEASANT QUESTION

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
I. Shcherbakova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Agrarian Question ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
The Government ◽  
Emergency Measures ◽  
Special Meeting

An attempt to solve the agrarian question at the beginning of the 20th century has been analyzed. The interaction and confrontation of two ministries – the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of the Interior and local authorities: local committees of the Special Meeting on the needs of the agricultural industry and provincial committees of the Editorial Commission of the Ministry of the Interior, their attempts to discuss and resolve the peasant issue at the beginning of the 20th century, – have been examined. It has been substantiated, that at the beginning of the 20th century the state authorities did not develop a unified course in resolving the peasant issue and only the events of the 1905 revolution forced the government to take emergency measures in the development of agricultural legislation.

scholarly journals Discriminative Economic Policy of the Russian Government Towards the Catholic Nobility of Belarus (Second Half of the 19th Century – the Beginning of the 20th Century)

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
Anatolij Zhitko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Catholic Faith ◽  
Land Holdings ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire

Introduction. The upper class of Belarus within the Russian Empire attracted the attention of researchers. However, the restrictive economic policy of the Russian government towards the nobility of the Roman Catholic faith has not been the subject of special study. The aim of the article is to identify the main aspects of the discriminative policy of the autocracy against the Catholic nobility of Belarus in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. Methodology. The study is based on the fundamental principles of historical knowledge – historicism, objectivity, value-based approach, and traditional general scientific and concrete historical methods were used to implement the research tasks. Results. In 1858 in the Belarusian provinces the hereditary nobility made up one third of the upper class of the European part of Russia. The implementation of the “parsing the shliahta” policy led to a sharp reduction in the Catholic nobility by 1865. The government sought to economically undermine the economic activities of the Catholic nobility and equalize Russian and Catholic land ownership in the Belarusian region. This was reflected in the preferential sale of sequestered and confiscated estates, the prohibition of land purchases by Catholics, all kinds of fines and especially through contribution fee and a tax to support the Orthodox clergy. Conclusion. The government’s discriminative policy towards Catholic nobility was aimed at curbing the economic activity of “the Poles” in Belarus. The main elements of its implementation were the sequestration and confiscation of the estates of Catholics who directly or indirectly participated in the uprising of 1863–1864, various fines, the prohibition of the purchase of land holdings, contribution fee, taxes on maintaining the Orthodox Church, etc. At the same time, this policy did not lead to the expected results. At the beginning of the 20th century the Catholic nobility outnumbered the Russian nobility in land ownership.

scholarly journals Stolypin village reform project: development and correction (1905–1908)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 744-779
Author(s):  
Aleksandr A. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Local Economy ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
The Third ◽  
Reform Project ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Council Of Ministers ◽  
The Village ◽  
Special Meeting

The article is devoted to the development and correction of the village reform project, one of the least studied reforms of Pyotr A. Stolypin. Based on the documents of the Council of Ministers, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the State Duma of the Russian Empire, the author reconstructs the process of creating a draft law of the village reform and making amendments to it during 1905–08. It is shown that this bill was part of the complex Stolypin reforms of local self-government and was developed in compliance with the legislative acts of the tsarist government of 1903 and 1904, taking into account the views of the local committees of the Special Meeting on the Needs of the Agricultural Industry. There are several versions of the draft law: the initial one, which was discussed at the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Council of Ministers in 1905–06; the draft law for submission to the Second State Duma in 1907; the draft law revised in the Council for Local Economy Affairs which was submitted to the Third State Duma in 1908. The article considers the discussions in the executive bodies and at the congress of the United Nobility regarding the most important articles of the draft law on property qualification, women’s suffrage, and inclusion in the village regulatory body without elections.

The Russian Economy: A Very Short Introduction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
State Control ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Human Cost ◽  
State And Market

The Russian Economy: A Very Short Introduction looks at the historical roots of an economy dominated by the state and shaped by a need for security. The Soviet Union’s centrally planned economic system enabled industrialization, urbanization, and military success, but at what human cost? The transition to a market-based system in the late 20th century was difficult, and only partially successful. From the millennium onwards, Vladimir Putin’s economic policy emerged as a hybrid of state- and market-controlled approaches. Russia has been criticized for overdependence on natural resources and armaments. However, if some world powers can combine state control and a profile in the global markets, why not Russia?

scholarly journals The Dissemination of Public Economics in Brazil at the Turn of the 20th Century: Rui Barbosa Between Law-Making and Policymaking.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Felipe Bruzzi Curi ◽  
Alexandre Mendes Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Public Economics ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
German State ◽  
Finance Minister ◽  
Legal Expert ◽  
Law Making

Rui Barbosa was a renowned jurist who served as the first Finance Minister of the Brazilian Republic, established in 1889. Despite his renown as an intellectual, Barbosa faced a severe financial crisis during his ministerial tenure and gained a bad reputation for his economic policy. In the texts produced in this context, he combined different traditions of economic thought from the point of view of the legal expert serving as economic policymaker. In the field of public finance, while assimilating arguments associated to German state socialism and its North American developments, he was also influenced by French liberal economist Paul Leroy-Beaulieu. Through these international assimilations, Barbosa constructed an assemblage of economic ideas organized not by theoretical affiliations in the contemporary sense, but around two main goals: to rationalize and legitimize his policy as Finance Minister and to influence the legal ordering of the Brazilian fiscal economy.

International Coordination of Financial and Economic Policy: Gustav Cassels Theoretical Contribution

2012 ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
D. Kadochnikov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
International Finance ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
International Coordination ◽  
Normative Perspective

Gustav Cassel (1866-1945) developed a number of original ideas in the field of international finance, which may prove to be relevant today. These ideas, however, were largely forgotten or remained unnoticed in the second half of the 20th century. To a large extent this is due to the fact that Cassels theoretical framework was fragmented, while one of the key elements of his argumentation - the purchasing power parity concept - was taken out of the context and misinterpreted. The papers aim is to restore and demonstrate Cassels vision of the goals and significance of the international coordination of financial and economic policy as an inherently normative perspective.

Modernization under Conditions of Political Stability (Reforms of the Second Half of XIX Century: Logic and Stages of Complex Modernization)

2009 ◽  
pp. 32-50
Author(s):  
V. Mau
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Political Modernization ◽  
Industrialization Policy ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Economic Modernization

The paper discusses economic and political modernization under Alexander II and Alexander III. Special attention is paid to economic modernization under conservative political regime as well as to the influence of the 19th century economic policy and economic debates on the industrialization policy in the 20th century.

scholarly journals Light Industry in the Urals in the Days of the New Economic Policy in the Context of Early Industrial Modernization of the Late 19th – the First Half of the 20th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 1168-1178
Author(s):  
Ravilya R. Khisamutdinova ◽  
◽  
Svetlana U. Vasilieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Industry Sectors

The article examines the development of the light industry sectors of the Urals in the 1920s drawing on materials from state archives of the Russian Federation. The study is to identify the signs of the process of early industrial modernization in the light industry of the Urals in the days of the New Economic Policy and to analyze them. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been set: to analyze the network of light industry enterprises in the Urals; to study the state of material and technical base of industrial enterprises in the region; to reveal the dynamics of gross output. Early industrial modernization in Russia began in the late 19th century. However, for a number of reasons, including the events of the First World War, revolutionary upheavals, and the Civil War, it remained unconcluded after the first two decades of the 20th century. The period of the New Economic Policy is considered by V.V. Alekseev and I.V. Poberezhnikov as a continuation of the early industrial modernization. The chronological framework of the study covers the period of the New Economic Policy, from 1921 to 1927. The territorial framework is the Ural Economic Region. Geographic, economic, and ethnic factors permit to address the Urals as an integral territorial entity. In the 1920s, it included the Ural region (now the Sverdlovsk, Perm, Chelyabinsk, and Kurgan regions), the Orenburg gubernia (now the Orenburg region), the Votyak Autonomous Oblast (now the Udmurt Republic), and the Bashkir ASSR (now the Republic of Bashkortostan). The article highlights the issues of trustification in the light industry of the region, the emergence of new plants and factories. The network of industrial enterprises was transformed during the period under review. As a result of consolidation and liquidation of unprofitable enterprises, the number of factories and plants decreased in comparison with the indicators of 1913 by 12 units. The largest number of industrial enterprises was concentrated on the territory of the Ural Region. The process of the light industry sectors recovery of the 1920s was accompanied by the solution of a number of problems associated with shortage of raw materials and need to upgrade the equipment. During the period under review, enterprises experienced difficulties in raw materials supply. Most dynamically developing industries were textiles, footwear, and clothing. By the end of the New Economic Policy, the volume of production of light industry goods in the region exceeded pre-war indicators. However, the revealed data indicate that the process of early industrial modernization in the light industry of the Urals was incomplete by the end of the 1920s.

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