Protein Lactylation Induced by Neural Excitation

Sodium salicylate enhances neural excitation via reducing GABAergic transmission in the dentate gyrus area of rat hippocampus in vivo

Hippocampus ◽

10.1002/hipo.23312 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hui‐Ping Tang ◽

Hua‐Rui Gong ◽

Xu‐Lai Zhang ◽

Yi‐Na Huang ◽

Chuan‐Yun Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dentate Gyrus ◽

Sodium Salicylate ◽

Rat Hippocampus ◽

Gabaergic Transmission ◽

Neural Excitation

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Computer simulation of experiments in responses to intravenous and inhaled CO2

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1981.50.4.835 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 835-843 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

W. S. Yamamoto

Keyword(s):

Venous Return ◽

Neural Signal ◽

Set Point ◽

Ventilatory Responses ◽

Operating Level ◽

Excitatory State ◽

Co2 Level ◽

Neural Excitation ◽

Low Levels ◽

Hypercapnic Response

A simulation of ventilatory responses to infused and inhaled CO2 at controlled cardiac output and high and low levels of neural excitation mimics comparable experiments in animals. The model suggests that at low levels of endogenous and exogenous CO2 load the alert quiescent animal will show hyperpnea to both test states associated with hypercapnia. The nonalert quiescent animal simulated will show an isocapnic response to endogenous load and hypercapnic response to exogenous load. The explanation of this behavior lies in the model formulation, which allows the neural signal from metabolically active sources to drive the proportional component of the controller below an operating level established by its set point. By this reasoning the excited but metabolically inactive animal should be paradoxically less sensitive to small changes in CO2, whether exogenous or endogenous, than the quiescent animal. The model demonstrates further that a neural "exercise" signal in proportion to venous return better simulates observations in which CO2 load and venous return are dissociated than one in which the neural signal is computed from metabolism. The use of delta V/delta P slopes as estimates of sensitivity go awry in experiment and simulation when blood flow, CO2 level, and neural excitatory state are dissociated. This is particularly true when the organism is operating at and below the hypothesized set point.

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Variations in Skin Resistance and Their Relationship to G.S.R. Conditioning

Journal of Mental Science ◽

10.1192/bjp.106.442.281 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 106 (442) ◽

pp. 281-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Irene Martin

Keyword(s):

Action Potentials ◽

Background Activity ◽

Skin Resistance ◽

Muscle Action ◽

Muscle Tonus ◽

Experimental Procedure ◽

Discontinuous Nature ◽

The Subject ◽

Neural Excitation ◽

Set Up

Any particular system which is being conditioned is likely to maintain a certain level of background activity throughout the experimental procedure; either of a discontinuous nature, as, for example, with eyeblink, heart rate and respiratory cycle, or continuously, as in the case of basal skin resistance and muscle tonus. This background activity or level of arousal does not remain constant but usually varies in time, presumably as a result of underlying neural excitation or inhibition. It may increase throughout an experiment if the subject becomes highly motivated, as with the gradients of muscle action potentials observed by Bartoshuk (1955), or decrease, if the subject becomes more relaxed and familiar with the set-up, as Duffy and Lacey (1946) found with level of skin conductance.

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