scholarly journals Optimal Notional Defined Contributions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Rodrigues Santos
Keyword(s):  
Defined Contributions

Shifting toward Defined Contributions — Predicting the Effects

2014 ◽  
Vol 370 (26) ◽  
pp. 2462-2465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Schulman ◽  
Barak D. Richman ◽  
Regina E. Herzlinger
Keyword(s):  
Defined Contributions

Divergent occupational pensions in Bismarckian countries: the case of Germany and Austria

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Wiß
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Strategic Thinking ◽  
Occupational Pension ◽  
Pension Reforms ◽  
Occupational Pensions ◽  
Pension Schemes ◽  
Defined Contributions ◽  
Union Structure

Pension reforms and the changing public/private pension mix of the last decades are well documented. However, a more detailed look at the design of occupational pensions reveals remarkable differences even in countries that are usually treated as similar in the literature. Germany and Austria share many similarities and are having to cope with similar reform pressure. However, the design of occupational pensions varies substantially. Why? In Germany, trade unions are regularly involved in occupational pension schemes and benefits are calculated on the basis of defined contributions (DC), but with minimum return guarantees preventing losses in times of financial turmoil. By contrast, trade unions rarely participate in Austrian occupational schemes. In Austria, pure DC schemes without guarantees resulted in heavy occupational pension cuts during the recent financial market crises. Following the method of difference, the article explains this difference by trade union structure, unions’ strategic thinking and (lacking) reform threats supported by employers.

scholarly journals Understanding the relationship between alternative pension systems and healthy ageing: cross-national and quasi-natural experimental analyses of 27 EU countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Stuckler
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Defined Benefit ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
Defined Contributions ◽  
Cross National

Abstract How do pension systems contribute to healthy ageing? It is widely speculated that more generous and stable pensions could promote better ageing outcomes, as well as could potentially result in lowered healthcare costs. Yet little is known about how alternative pension regimes shape health and healthcare expenditures in older persons. Here, using multi-level, cross-country data from the European Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE, n = 140,000) covering 27 nations, we test the hypotheses that more generous pensions, as well as systems with defined benefit (which are predictable and more stable) compared with defined contributions, associate with improvements in self-reported health, quality of life, better physical and mental health scores, and lowered healthcare utilization. To do so we report the results of two sets of studies. In the first, we evaluate cross-national longitudinal SHARE integrated with OECD pension generosity and replacement rate data. In the second, we perform a series of quasi-natural experimental studies in Ireland, Germany, and Greece, taking advantage of pension reforms mostly involving budgetary reductions that occurred in the wake of the Great Recessions in Europe. For the proposed workshop we present our results, as well as provide methodological insight into how to perform such integrated epidemiological-economic analysis. We will further discuss the implications for policy and for future research investigating the relations between pension and health systems.

Expanding Choice through Defined Contributions: Overcoming a Non-Participatory Health Care Economy

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Moffit
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ballot Initiatives ◽  
Individual Mandate ◽  
The Affordable Care Act ◽  
Care Economy ◽  
Defined Contributions ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
The Individual

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (the Affordable Care Act) is the law of the land. But it faces an uncertain future.During congressional deliberations on the 2,700-page legislation leading up to its enactment, from February to March 2010, not one major survey recorded majority support for the legislation. Since its enactment, popular opposition to the Affordable Care Act has hardened, and was a significant factor in the 2010 congressional election, in which Democrats lost 63 seats and Republicans regained the majority in the House of Representatives. Ballot initiatives in Missouri and Ohio, showcasing popular opposition to the individual mandate, passed in 2010 with overwhelming majorities. While the United States Supreme Court in National Federation of Independent Business et al. v. Sebelius, 132 S. Ct. 2566 ( 2012), declared the mandate on the states to expand Medicaid unconstitutionally coercive, the majority of the Justices also upheld the individual mandate as a permissible tax. The new law thus emerged as a central topic in the 2012 election.

scholarly journals Social Insurance in the Countries of the World and Prospects for Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (525) ◽  
pp. 194-200
Author(s):  
O. M. Levanda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Insurance ◽  
The State ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Social Insurance System ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
Pension Schemes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Defined Contributions

The article is aimed at denfining the perspective approaches and evaluating the feasibility of using the world experience of social, in particular pension, insurance in Ukraine. On the basis of the analytical approach, the essence and content of social insurance are considered. In particular, social insurance schemes were studied, among which are distiguished the following: social security that covers all workers and is controlled and funded by the State authorities; scheme for the employed population – includes the relationship between the employer and the employee, which are provided as part of the conditions of employment; individual insurance scheme – concluded solely on the initiative of the insurer. It is determined that common schemes against the background of the COVID-19 crisis among the countries of the world (including Ukraine) are assistance in case of illness, unemployment benefits, pensions and disability payments, health insurance provision, social insurance contributions. It is proved that social insurance performs a protective function for society against external risks. In particular, in the context of the spread of coronavirus infection, thanks to the social insurance system, the degree of impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the income of vulnerable groups at the expense of public policy programs has been reduced. The experience of countries around the world as to social insurance programs, including pension schemes is researched along with their further consideration, namely: schemes with defined contributions (DC); schemes managed by non-governmental institutions; notional defined contributions (NDC) schemes; schemes managed by the public administration sector; schemes of defined benefits (DB); hybrid schemes that combine the characteristics of DC and DB pension schemes; schemes administered by an autonomous pension fund. It is determined that pension schemes are being implemented within terms of three systems: solidarity, accumulation and hybrid. In general, the results of the research indicate that the management of the social insurance system in the countries of the world in general and in Ukraine in particular is carried out under regulatory and legal control by the State, which acts as a guarantor of protection of the population in the conditions of national peculiarities of the economy.

Fifteen Years of Defined Contributions: Assessing the Chilean Pension Experience

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Schlechter ◽  
Bernardo Pagnoncelli ◽  
Arturo Cifuentes
Keyword(s):  
Defined Contributions
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