scholarly journals A Chimeric Virus-Based Probe Unambiguously Detects Live Circulating Tumor Cells with High Specificity and Sensitivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinping Fu ◽  
Lihua Tao ◽  
Xiaoliu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Chimeric Virus ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

scholarly journals The Liquid Biopsy in the Management of Colorectal Cancer: An Overview

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Vacante ◽  
Roberto Ciuni ◽  
Francesco Basile ◽  
Antonio Biondi
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Tumor Dna

Currently, there is a crucial need for novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity in patients with colorectal cancer. A “liquid biopsy” is characterized by the isolation of cancer-derived components, such as circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and proteins, from peripheral blood or other body fluids and their genomic or proteomic assessment. The liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive and repeatable technique that could play a significant role in screening and diagnosis, and predict relapse and metastasis, as well as monitoring minimal residual disease and chemotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer patients. However, there are still some practical issues that need to be addressed before liquid biopsy can be widely used in clinical practice. Potential challenges may include low amounts of circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA in samples, lack of pre-analytical and analytical consensus, clinical validation, and regulatory endorsement. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge of the role of liquid biopsy in the management of colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals An RNA-based signature enables high specificity detection of circulating tumor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 1123-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Kalinich ◽  
Irun Bhan ◽  
Tanya T. Kwan ◽  
David T. Miyamoto ◽  
Sarah Javaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
Protein Marker ◽  
Curative Intent ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Blood Specimens

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are shed into the bloodstream by invasive cancers, but the difficulty inherent in identifying these rare cells by microscopy has precluded their routine use in monitoring or screening for cancer. We recently described a high-throughput microfluidic CTC-iChip, which efficiently depletes hematopoietic cells from blood specimens and enriches for CTCs with well-preserved RNA. Application of RNA-based digital PCR to detect CTC-derived signatures may thus enable highly accurate tissue lineage-based cancer detection in blood specimens. As proof of principle, we examined hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a cancer that is derived from liver cells bearing a unique gene expression profile. After identifying a digital signature of 10 liver-specific transcripts, we used a cross-validated logistic regression model to identify the presence of HCC-derived CTCs in nine of 16 (56%) untreated patients with HCC versus one of 31 (3%) patients with nonmalignant liver disease at risk for developing HCC (P< 0.0001). Positive CTC scores declined in treated patients: Nine of 32 (28%) patients receiving therapy and only one of 15 (7%) patients who had undergone curative-intent ablation, surgery, or liver transplantation were positive. RNA-based digital CTC scoring was not correlated with the standard HCC serum protein marker alpha fetoprotein (P= 0.57). Modeling the sequential use of these two orthogonal markers for liver cancer screening in patients with high-risk cirrhosis generates positive and negative predictive values of 80% and 86%, respectively. Thus, digital RNA quantitation constitutes a sensitive and specific CTC readout, enabling high-throughput clinical applications, such as noninvasive screening for HCC in populations where viral hepatitis and cirrhosis are prevalent.

scholarly journals Case Report: Detection and quantification of tumor cells in peripheral blood and ascitic fluid from a metastatic esophageal cancer patient using the CellSearch® technology

F1000Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Tu ◽  
Marcelo De Carvalho Bittencourt ◽  
Huili Cai ◽  
Claire Bastien ◽  
Camille Lemarie-Delaunay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Ascitic Fluid ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Peripheral Blood Sample ◽  
Detection And Quantification ◽  
Fluid Cytology

Analysis of ascitic fluid should help to identify and characterize malignant cells in gastrointestinal cancer. However, despite a high specificity, the sensitivity of traditional ascitic fluid cytology remains insufficient, at around 60%. Since 2004 the CellSearch® technology has shown its advantages in the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood, which can perform an accurate diagnosis and molecular analysis at the same time. To our knowledge, no previous study has explored the potential utility of this technology for the detection and quantification of tumor cells in ascitic fluid samples. Herein we report a case of metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma in a 70-year-old man presenting with dysphagia and a large amount of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Analysis of a peripheral blood sample and ascites sample with the CellSearch® technology both revealed the presence of putative tumor cells that were positive for epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and cytokeratin (CK) expression. This study confirmed the hematogenous dissemination of esophageal cancer by the detection of circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood, and is the first to demonstrate that tumor cells can be identified in ascitic fluid by using CellSearch® technology.

scholarly journals Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of tumor cells: cancer progression and metastasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasileios Vardas ◽  
Eleni Politaki ◽  
Evangelia Pantazaka ◽  
Vassilis Georgoulias ◽  
Galatea Kallergi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Cellsearch System ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

Detection and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype is very important as it can contribute to the identification of high-risk for relapse and death patients. However, most of the methods are underestimating CTC numbers, due to their dependence on epithelial markers. In the current study, we evaluated the EMT phenotype in CTCs isolated from breast cancer (BC) patients, using the CellSearch system. Spiking experiments for the evaluation of the specificity and sensitivity of our method were performed using HeLa cells. Sixty-five breast cancer (BC) patients (47 early and 18 metastatic) were enrolled in the study. Vimentin is a mesenchymal marker which indicates tumoral cells acquiring invasive and malignant properties. We studied the vimentin (VIM) expression using the extra channel of the CellSearch system and an anti-vimentin antibody conjugated with FITC. In our present results, we reported the percentage of circulating tumor cells that expressed vimentin in early and in metastatic breast cancer patients. Interestingly, the incidence of cells with a CK-VIM+CD45- phenotype was detected in both settings. These cells were detected in 31.4% of CK-negative (11/35) and 82.3% of CK-positive (10/12) early BC patients. The corresponding numbers for metastatic disease were 15.4% (2/13) and 100% (5/5), respectively. Our results suggest that in CTC-negative patients, potentially undetectable tumor cells could be identified using the FDA-approved CellSearch system, based on the (CK-VIM+CD45-)-phenotype, offering additional information regarding the metastatic dissemination in cancer patients. Further experiments evaluating more biomarkers are necessary to elucidate the mechanisms that regulate tumorigenesis and metastasis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Human Mammaglobin as a Biomarker of Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer and Clinical Verification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanguang Xiao ◽  
Xiaohong Wang ◽  
Shusheng Qiu ◽  
Wenyue Gu
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

Abstract Cytokeratin (CK) is the gold standard marker for the differential diagnosis of epithelial circulating tumor cells (CTC), but the low expression of CK can lead to false negative results.In this study, the specificity and sensitivity of human breast globin (hMAM) as a tumor marker of CTC in peripheral blood of breast cancer patients were analyzed and aim to improve the CTC detection accuracy in breast cancer, enrich the candidate markers for clinical differential diagnosis of breast cancer CTC. EpCAM antibody modified liposome magnetic particles (ELMP) were prepared, and then their physicochemical properties were characterized. ELMP has high physicochemical stability and can efficiently enrich the CTC of epithelial breast cancer. We found hMAM is more consistent with clinical and pathological diagnosis results. To be noted, CK19 combined with hMAM method efficiently distinguish the separated CTC from breast cancer patients, furthermore, the specificity and sensitivity of CTC detection get promoted.

Expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 266-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Lee ◽  
Angela Yu ◽  
Amanda Anderson ◽  
Dena Marrinucci ◽  
Wells W. Magargal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Immunofluorescent Staining ◽  
Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Assay Performance ◽  
Specific Membrane ◽  
Psma Expression

266 Background: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is expressed ubiquitously in prostate adenocarcinoma, and the intensity of expression increases with disease aggressiveness. Exploiting PSMA for therapy could potentially be aided by a minimally invasive means for measuring PSMA on tumor cells. Here we describe the development and characteristics of a novel assay for quantitating PSMA on canonical and non-canonical circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Methods: The PSMA CTC test was developed using LNCaP (high PSMA), 22Rv1 (low PSMA) and PC3 (no PSMA) cells spiked into normal blood. Nucleated blood cells were plated onto glass slides and subjected to immunofluorescent staining followed by CTC identification using the Pyxis Scanning Platform at Epic Sciences. The four-color assay evaluated PSMA expression on individual CTCs, identified as cells which are cytokeratin+, CD45-, and with an intact DAPI nucleus. Multiple antibody clones and assay conditions were evaluated, and the final PSMA CTC test has high specificity and sensitivity. Acceptance criteria included signal intensities in LNCaP versus PC3, subcellular localization of PSMA, and potential interference by a PSMA-targeted therapy. Clinical feasibility of the optimized assay was assessed on samples from CRPC patients. Results: The average PSMA signal intensity for LNCaP was 20-fold higher than that for PC3 and 10-fold higher than the minimum cutoff. PSMA displayed a predominantly membrane-localized pattern of staining that was distinct from cytokeratin. Assay performance was unaffected by the presence of PSMA ADC, a PSMA-targeted antibody-drug conjugate that is in phase II clinical testing. In feasibility tests on patient samples, the assay demonstrated utility in detecting and quantitating PSMA on individual and clustered CTCs as well as on apoptotic, cytokeratin-negative, and small cytokeratin-positive CTC candidates. Conclusions: PSMA expression was successfully detected and quantitated on diverse types of circulating cells present in the blood of patients with CRPC. Assay performance was unaffected by the presence of a PSMA-targeted therapeutic agent. PSMA CTC data are being collected in the ongoing phase II study of PSMA ADC for comparison with treatment outcomes.

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