BNT162b2 Vaccine-Induced Immune Responses and Dynamics Vary Among Age Groups, Sex and Co-Morbidities: A Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaniv Lustig ◽  
Einav Sapir ◽  
Gili Regev-Yochay ◽  
Carmit Cohen ◽  
Ronen Fluss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Age Groups

scholarly journals Prevalence of frailty and reliability of established frailty instruments in adult elective colorectal surgical patients: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2020-139417
Author(s):  
Thomas Dale MacLaine ◽  
Oliver Baker ◽  
Dermot Burke ◽  
Simon J Howell
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Surgical Patient ◽  
Frailty Phenotype

PurposeLarge population studies now demonstrate that frailty is prevalent in all adult age groups. Limited data exist on the association between frailty and surgical outcome in younger patients. The aim of the study was to explore the agreement between frailty identification tools and collect pilot data on their predictive value for frailty-associated outcomes in an adult surgical population.Study designProspective cohort study.ResultsFrailty scores were recorded in 200 patients (91 men), mean (range) age 57 (18–92) years. The prevalence of prefrailty was 52%–67% and that of frailty 2%–32% depending on the instrument used. Agreement between the instruments was poor, kappa 0.08–0.17 in pairwise comparisons. Outcome data were available on 160 patients. Only the frailty phenotype was significantly associated with adverse outcomes, RR 6.1 (1.5–24.5) for postoperative complications. The three frailty scoring instruments studies had good sensitivity (Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS)—90%, Accumulation Deficit (AD)—96%, Frailty Phenotype (FP)—97%) but poor specificity (CFS—12%, AD—13%, FP—18%) for the prediction of postoperative complications. All three instruments were poorly predictive of adverse outcomes with likelihood ratios of CFS—1.02, AD—1.09 and FP—1.17.ConclusionsThis study showed a significant prevalence of prefrailty and frailty in adult colorectal surgical patients of all ages. There was poor agreement between three established frailty scoring instruments. Our data do not support the use of current frailty scoring instruments in all adult colorectal surgical patients. However, the significant prevalence of prefrailty and frailty across all age groups of adult surgical patient justifies further research to refine frailty scoring in surgical patients.

scholarly journals Clinical profile and factors associated with COVID-19 in Cameroon: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Fouda Mbarga ◽  
Epee Emilienne ◽  
Marcel Mbarga ◽  
Patrick Ouamba ◽  
Herwin Nanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Factors Associated

AbstractObjectivesThis study explores the clinical profiles and factors associated with COVID-19 in Cameroon.Research design and methodsIn this prospective cohort study, we followed patients admitted for suspicion of COVID-19 at Djoungolo Hospital between 01st April and 31st July 2020. Patients were categorised by age groups and disease severity: mild (symptomatic without clinical signs of pneumonia pneumonia), moderate (with clinical signs of pneumonia without respiratory distress) and severe cases (clinical signs of pneumonia and respiratory distress not requiring invasive ventilation). Demographic information and clinical features were summarised. Multivariable analysis was performed to predict risk.ResultsA total of 323 patients were admitted during the study period; 262 were confirmed cases of COVID-19 by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Among the confirmed cases, the male group aged 40 to 49 years (13.9%) was predominant. Disease severity ranged from mild (77%; N=204) to moderate (15%; N=40) to severe (7%; N=18); the case fatality rate was 1% (N=4). Dysgusia (46%; N=111) and hyposmia/anosmia (39%; N=89) were common features of COVID-19. Nearly one-third of patients had comorbidities (29%; N=53), of which hypertension was the most common (20%; N=48). Participation in a mass gathering (OR=5.47; P=0.03) was a risk factor for COVID-19. Age groups 60 to 69 (OR=7.41; P=0.0001), 50 to 59 (OR=4.09; P=0.03), 40 to 49 (OR=4.54; P=0.01), male gender (OR=2.53; P=0.04), diabetes (OR= 4.05; P= 0.01), HIV infection (OR=5.57; P=0.03), lung disease (OR= 6.29; P=0.01), dyspnoea (OR=3.70; P=0.008) and fatigue (OR=3.35; P=0.02) significantly predicted COVID-19 severity.ConclusionUnlike many high-income settings, most COVID-19 cases in this study were benign with low fatality. Such findings may guide public health decision-making.

scholarly journals Combined Effect of Hypertension and Alcohol Consumption on the Risk of Death (27‑Year Cohort Prospective Study)

Kardiologiia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
I. V. Dolgalev ◽  
A. Yu. Ivanova ◽  
V. V. Obraztsov ◽  
I. V. Tsimbalyuk ◽  
R. S. Karpov
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Total Cohort ◽  
Alcohol Users

Aim      To study the effect of arterial hypertension (AH) in combination with frequent alcohol consumption on the formation of risk for cardiovascular death and all-cause death according to results of a 27-year prospective cohort study.Material and methods  This 27‑year prospective cohort study of an unorganized population of the Tomsk city (1546 people aged 20–59 years, including 630 men and 916 women) investigated AH prevalence and alcohol consumption (1988–1991) and analyzed the predictive significance of the effect of AH in combination with frequent alcohol consumption on the formation of risk for all-cause and cardiovascular death. AH was diagnosed at blood pressure ≥140 / 90 mm Hg. Frequent alcohol users were defined as those who consumed alcohol more than once a week.Results The combination of AH and frequent alcohol consumption increased the risk of all-cause death 4.1 times compared to that for persons without these risk factors (p<0.001). This was true for all age groups of the total cohort (higher relative risk, RR, was observed for persons aged 20–39 years) and for men (except for the group aged 40–59 years). RR of cardiovascular death was 5.3 (p<0.001) for frequent alcohol users with AH. It was established that frequent alcohol consumption additionally increased RR of all-cause death for persons with AH (RR 1.89; p<0.05) primarily at the expense of persons aged 20-39 years. Prediction of 27‑year survival for frequent alcohol users with AH was 35.3 %.Conclusion      A combination of AH with frequent alcohol consumption considerably increases the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death. Frequent alcohol consumption significantly impairs the prediction of 27-year survival for persons with AH by additionally (1.9 times) increasing the risk of all-cause death. Binary AH combinations with frequent alcohol consumption exert a more pronounced adverse effect on young men and women.

Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Versus Pills/Patch/Ring

2021 ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
Antoinette Danvers ◽  
Elizabeth B. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Contraceptive Failure ◽  
Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Contraceptive Implant ◽  
Long Acting

The CHOICE study was a prospective cohort study of 7486 women in St. Louis, Missouri. The participants underwent standard, scripted contraceptive counseling and were provided with their choice of contraception at no cost. Primary outcomes were contraceptive failure and pregnancy rates in 2 age groups: women over 21 and less than 21 years old. Participants who chose long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) such as an intrauterine device or the contraceptive implant were less likely to experience a contraceptive failure compared to contraceptive pill, patch, ring (PPR) users (p = 0.001). Participants using PPR were 22 times more likely to have an unintended pregnancy than those using LARC. Among women less than 21 years old who used non-LARC methods, the risk of pregnancy was nearly twice as high than older women. LARC are highly-effective and safe for women of all ages and should be considered first-line methods of contraception for most patients.

scholarly journals Do deaths from road traffic injuries follow a classical trimodal pattern in North West Ethiopia? A hospital-based prospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e051017
Author(s):  
Zewditu Abdissa Denu ◽  
Mensur Osman Yassin ◽  
Telake Azale ◽  
Gashaw Andargie Biks ◽  
Kassahun Alemu Gelaye
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hospital Arrival ◽  
Road Traffic Injuries ◽  
North West ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
North West Ethiopia

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to identify timing distribution and predictors of deaths following road traffic injuries among all age groups at Gondar Comprehensive specialised hospital.DesignA single-centre prospective cohort study.SettingThe study hospital is a tertiary hospital in North West Ethiopia.ParticipantsWe enrolled 454 participants who sustained road traffic injuries in to the current study. All age groups and injury severity were included except those who arrived dead, had no attendant and when the injury time was unknown.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was time to death measured in hours from injury time up to the 30th day of the injuries. Secondary outcomes were prehospital first aid, length of hospital stay and hospital arrival time. The article has been registered, with a unique identification number of research registry 6556.ResultsA total of 454 victims were followed for 275 534 person hours. There were 80 deaths with an overall incidence of 2.90 deaths per 10 000 person hours of observation (95% CI 2.77 to 3.03). The significant predictors of time to death were being a driver (AHR=2.26; 95% CI 1.09 to 4.65, AR=14.8), accident at interurban roads ((AHR (Adjusted HAzard Ratio=1.98; 95% CI 1.02 to 3.82, AR (Attributable Risk)=21%)), time from injury to hospital arrival (AHR=0.41; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.63; AR=3%), systolic blood pressure on admission of <90 mm Hg (AHR=3.66; 95% CI 2.14 to 6.26; AR=57%), Glasgow Coma Scale of <8 (AHR=7.39; 95% CI 3.0819 to 17.74464; AR=75.7%), head injury with polytrauma (AHR=2.32 (1.12774 4.79; AR=37%) and interaction of distance from hospital with prehospital care.ConclusionThough the maturation of trauma centres in many developed countries has changed the temporal pattern of deaths following any trauma, our study demonstrated that trauma deaths follow the traditional trimodal pattern. That implies that potentially preventable causes of death continued in low-resource countries.

scholarly journals Incidence of Tooth Loss in Adults: A 4-Year Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoelito Ferreira Silva-Junior ◽  
Marília Jesus Batista ◽  
Maria da Luz Rosário de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
The Mean

Objective. To verify the incidence of tooth loss in extended age group of adults in 4 years. Materials and Methods. The prospective cohort study assessed adults (20–64 years old) between 2011 and 2015, from Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. The dependent variable was cumulative incidence of tooth loss, assessed by difference between missing teeth (M) of decayed, missing, and filled tooth index (DMFT) in 2011 and 2015. Participants were stratified into young (20–44 years old) and older (45–64 years old) adults. Mann–Whitney U test (p<0.05) was used to compare the means of incidence of tooth loss between age groups. Results. After four years, 57.7% (n=143) of adults were followed up and the mean incidence of tooth loss was 0.91 (SD = 1.65); among these, 51 adults (35.7%) who lost their teeth showed mean tooth loss of 2.55 (SD = 1.86). In older adults, incidence of tooth loss was higher (p=0.008), but no difference between age groups was found when only adults with incidence of tooth loss were assessed (p=0.844). Conclusion. There was higher incidence of tooth loss in older adults after four years, however, without difference between age groups when only those who lost teeth were evaluated.

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