Natural Radioactivity in Drinking Water Sources in Kargi Area, Marsabit – Kenya

The frequent analysis of the 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB)-generating algae, Pseudanabaena sp., for predicting odor occurrence in drinking water sources is a major challenge for many drinking water utilities. This study aims...

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Households access to improved drinking water sources and toilet facilities in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis based on 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. e042071

Author(s):

Zewudu Andualem ◽

Henok Dagne ◽

Zelalem Nigussie Azene ◽

Asefa Adimasu Taddese ◽

Baye Dagnew ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Health Survey ◽

Rural Households ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Water Sources ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

P Value ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Drinking Water Source ◽

Drinking Water Sources

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess households access to improved drinking water sources and sanitation facilities and their associated factors in Ethiopia.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingEthiopia.ParticipantsHousehold heads.Primary outcomesAccess to improved drinking water sources and toilet facilities.MethodsWe conducted an in-depth secondary data analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Data from a total of 16 650 households and 645 clusters were included in the analysis. The households were selected using a stratified two-stage cluster sampling technique. Multilevel binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with access to an improved drinking water source and toilet facilities. Adjusted OR with a 95% CI was reported with p value <0.05 was used to declare a significant association between the covariates and the outcome variables.ResultsThe proportions of households’ access to improved sources of drinking water and toilet facilities were 69.94% (95% CI: 69.23% to 70.63%) and 25.36% (95% CI: 24.69% to 26.03%), respectively. Households headed by women and households with a better wealth index were positively associated with access to improved drinking water sources. Whereas rural households, ≥30 min round trip to obtain drinking water and region were factors negatively associated with households access to improved drinking water sources. A higher probability of having access to improved toilet facilities: households with heads who had attained higher education, households having better access to improved sources of drinking water and households with better wealth index. While the following households were less likely to have access to improved toilet facilities: households with heads were widowed, households with four to six members, rural households and region.ConclusionThe study found that the proportions of households’ access to improved drinking water sources and toilet facilities in Ethiopia were relatively low, which demands the need to tailor strategies to increase the coverage of access to improved drinking water sources and toilet facilities.

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Microbiological status of drinking water sources and its relationship with human health in Solan, India

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment ◽

10.1007/s10661-020-08833-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 193 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ajay Kumar Singh ◽

Satish Kumar Bhardwaj ◽

Sunita Devi

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Human Health ◽

Water Sources ◽

Drinking Water Sources ◽

Microbiological Status

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The use of carbon nanomaterials for removing natural organic matter in drinking water sources by a combined coagulation process

Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1177/1847980416663680 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 184798041666368 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kadir Özdemir

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Natural Organic Matter ◽

Carbon Nanomaterials ◽

Water Sources ◽

Drinking Water Sources ◽

Coagulation Process

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Detection of Adenoviruses and Rotaviruses in Drinking Water Sources Used In Rural Areas of Benin, West Africa

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01807-08 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 75 (9) ◽

pp. 2798-2801 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Jens Verheyen ◽

Monika Timmen-Wego ◽

Rainer Laudien ◽

Ibrahim Boussaad ◽

Sibel Sen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Virus Detection ◽

Test Site ◽

Water Sources ◽

Major Health ◽

Viral Contamination ◽

Drinking Water Sources ◽

Surface Water Samples

ABSTRACT Diseases associated with viruses also found in environmental samples cause major health problems in developing countries. Little is known about the frequency and pattern of viral contamination of drinking water sources in these resource-poor settings. We established a method to analyze 10 liters of water from drinking water sources in a rural area of Benin for the presence of adenoviruses and rotaviruses. Overall, 541 samples from 287 drinking water sources were tested. A total of 12.9% of the sources were positive for adenoviruses and 2.1% of the sources were positive for rotaviruses at least once. Due to the temporary nature of viral contamination in drinking water sources, the probability of virus detection increased with the number of samples taken at one test site over time. No seasonal pattern for viral contaminations was found after samples obtained during the dry and wet seasons were compared. Overall, 3 of 15 surface water samples (20%) and 35 of 247 wells (14.2%) but also 2 of 25 pumps (8%) tested positive for adenoviruses or rotaviruses. The presence of latrines within a radius of 50 m in the vicinity of pumps or wells was identified as being a risk factor for virus detection. In summary, viral contamination was correlated with the presence of latrines in the vicinity of drinking water sources, indicating the importance of appropriate decision support systems in these socioeconomic prospering regions.

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