Dépenses publiques de santé et croissance économique en Afrique Subsaharienne : une analyse de long terme par la méthode des Panels var (Public Health Expenditure and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Long-Term Analysis Using the Var Panel Method)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boubacar Bathily ◽  
Ahmadou Bamba Gueye
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Panel Method ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Afrique Subsaharienne ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Term Analysis

scholarly journals The effect of the quality of institutions on the relationship between public health expenditure and the infant mortality rate: evidence from the PVAR (X) and PSTR approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-35
Author(s):  
Arthur Evariste KOUASSI ◽  
Ya Assanhoun Guillaume KOUASSI ◽  
Nogbou Andetchi Aubin AMANZOU
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Institutional Variables ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
Sub Saharan

Infant mortality is a major health problem in developing countries. It is an important indicator of a country's public health as it goes hand in hand with socio-economic conditions and many others. Public health spending has been committed to reducing this scourge. This has led to the completion of numerous studies which have yielded mixed results. The main objective of this study is to test the effect of public health expenditure (% GDP) on the infant mortality rate, taking into account the role that institutional quality can play. To achieve this, we use two approaches which are the autoregressive vector panel model with exogenous variables (PVAR (X)) and the smooth threshold regression model (PSTR) on annual data covering the period 2002-2016 and covering 37 African countries. Sub-Saharan. Our main results through the PVAR (X) reveal that in the absence of institutional variables, public health expenditure has a negative and significant effect on the infant mortality rate, whereas, in the presence of the various institutional variables, this effect is still negative but is no longer significant. Our results show that the presence of institutions halves the weight of public health expenditure in explaining the infant mortality rate. In addition, our results show through the PSTR that there is a certain level of institutional qualities that these countries must achieve for public health expenditure to positively affect infant mortality rates. These thresholds oscillate for all the institutional variables around 7%. Taking institutional variables into account will help reduce infant mortality in Sub-Saharan African countries.

The Economic Legacies of the African Slave Trades

2014 ◽  
pp. 503-521
Author(s):  
Warren C. Whatley
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
African Slave ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Sub Saharan

A growing body of evidence is showing that the international slave trade was a significant shock to African economies—one with negative long-term consequences for economic growth. The slave trade was a welfare loss for Africa, which begs the question “why were so many slaves exported?” The main reason is that slave production was organized theft, so by its very nature it generated negative externalities and overproduction—overproduction that was further encouraged by the importation of the gunpowder technology. People fought back, reconfiguring the ways they interacted with each other as insurance against capture. The general trend was towards political decentralization, stronger and more-absolutist local chiefs, more polygyny and a culture of mistrust—all of which reduced long-term growth. These legacies remain developmental challenges for much of sub-Saharan Africa today.

scholarly journals The role of access to electricity, female education, and public health expenditure on female health outcomes: evidence from SAARC-ASEAN countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mafizur Rahman ◽  
Khosrul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Female Education ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Asean Countries

Abstract Background The importance of the status of female health should have research priority due to the unique medical needs of women. Hence this paper attempts to explore the nexus of access to electricity, female education, and public health expenditure with female health outcomes in the SAARC-ASEAN countries. Methods Using the data of 2002–2018, and applying the cross-sectional dependence test, Modified Wald test, Wooldridge test, the Panel corrected standard error (PCSE) model, the Feasible generalized least square (FGLS) model, and the pair-wise Granger causality test, the robust outcomes on female health are found. Results Access to electricity, female education rate, public health expenditure, economic growth, and immunization rate, all have a positive effect on female life expectancy at birth, and a negative effect on the female adult mortality rate. The urbanization rate has a significantly positive impact on female life expectancy at birth but an insignificant impact on female adult mortality rate. The one-way causal relationship between the variables are also revealed. Conclusions All the results are rational and have important milestone for the health sector. The health status of females should be improved and protected by formulating effective policies on access to electricity, female education, public health expenditure, immunization, economic growth, and urbanization.

scholarly journals Convergence in public health expenditure across the Sub-Saharan African countries: does club convergence matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ousmane Traoré
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Club Convergence ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
Convergence Clubs ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries

Abstract Background Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries that currently face enormous healthcare challenges have implemented national health policies focusing on regional or international health commitments. These health commitments generally promote new healthcare financing policies (e.g., health insurance, user fee exemption and results-based financing) with the objective of providing ever-larger population cohorts with human capital and better health in particular. To achieve this, governments must involve themselves more fully in their respective healthcare sectors through the mobilisation of public funding. Objective This paper aims to examine convergence in health expenditure throughout SSA. The findings of club convergence will allow a robust comparison of health indicators between countries and will be suitable for the adjustment of health policies to foster the efficiency of such policies at the regional and/or country level. Such findings could also help with the conception and implementation of health policies at the regional level. Methods We used the methodology of convergence analysis based on dynamic factor modelling leading to the logt regression to test for full convergence, club convergence and club clustering of health expenditure on a balanced panel of 44 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa spanning the period from 2000 to 2016. Results Overall, our results do not support the hypothesis that all SSA countries converge to a single equilibrium state regarding public health expenditure. When testing for club convergence, the results highlight eight convergence clubs and one group of diverging countries. Indeed, performing the club clustering algorithm reveals the existence of three convergence clubs and the diverging group. The three clubs consist of 12, 14 and 14 members, respectively, where convergence is found to occur among different regional economic organisations. Conclusion Our findings indicate that SSA governments should increase spending on healthcare in order to align their healthcare systems with a global convergence model. To foster the convergence to a single equilibrium state in public health expenditure, attention could be paid to strengthening integration within the various regional economic organisations and to the coordination and integration of healthcare policies within and across convergence clubs throughout SSA.

scholarly journals Women in Parliament and Public Health Expenditure: Evidence from Sub-Saharan African Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
Gael Fokam ◽  
Paloma Mbengono ◽  
Guilain Sato ◽  
Willy Noumessi ◽  
Dessy-Karl Tadadjeu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
Women In Parliament ◽  
Sub Saharan
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