Patriarchal Norms and Women's Labor Market Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anirban Mukherjee ◽  
Sukanya Sarkhel
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Market Outcomes

scholarly journals Immigrant Women’s Economic Outcomes in Europe: The Importance of Religion and Traditional Gender Roles

2021 ◽  
pp. 019791832110088
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kanas ◽  
Katrin Müller
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
And Gender

This article contributes to previous research on immigrant integration by examining how religiosity and gender roles in European countries influence immigrant women’s labor market outcomes. Moreover, we extend theoretical work on the importance of the receiving country’s norms and values by hypothesizing and testing whether receiving countries’ influence varies with immigrant women’s religiosity and gender-role attitudes. Using the European Social Survey data and multilevel regression models, we find that religious immigrant women participate less in the labor market and work fewer hours than nonreligious immigrant women. Immigrant women’s traditional gender-role attitudes partly explain the negative relationship between individual religiosity and labor market outcomes. While the receiving country’s religiosity is negatively related to immigrant women’s labor market outcomes, this negative relationship is significantly weaker for religious and gender-traditional immigrant women than for nonreligious and gender-egalitarian women. These findings suggest that the economic benefits of residing in countries that support female employment are limited to immigrant women who are ready and positioned to embrace gender-egalitarian norms and values.

Sex Discrimination and Women's Labor Market Outcomes

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 713 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Neumark ◽  
Michele McLennan
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Market Outcomes

Racial Differences in American Women’s Labor Market Outcomes

2017 ◽  
pp. 594-622
Author(s):  
William J. Collins ◽  
Michael Q. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
White Women ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Market Outcomes

This article documents and explores black–white differences in US women’s labor force participation, occupations, and wages from 1940 to 2014. It draws on closely related research on selection into the labor force, discrimination, and prelabor market characteristics, such as test scores, that are strongly associated with subsequent labor market outcomes. Both black and white women significantly increased their labor force participation in this period, with white women catching up to black women by 1990. Black–white differences in occupational and wage distributions were large circa 1940; they have narrowed significantly since then as black women’s relative outcomes improved. Following a period of rapid convergence, the racial wage gap for women widened after 1980 in census data. Differences in human capital, which are rooted in the history of racial discrimination, are an empirically important underpinning of the black–white wage gap throughout the period studied.

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