Multiplexed Quantitative Screens of Single Cell Shape and YAP/TAZ Localisation Identify DOCK5 as a Coincident Detector of Polarity and Adhesion During Migration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Pascual-Vargas ◽  
Mar Arias-Garcia ◽  
Theo Roumeliotis ◽  
Jyoti S. Choudhary ◽  
Chris Bakal
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Shape

scholarly journals Cell Shape and Population Migration Are Distinct Steps ofProteus mirabilisSwarming That Are Decoupled on High-Percentage Agar

2019 ◽  
Vol 201 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Little ◽  
Jacob Austerman ◽  
Jenny Zheng ◽  
Karine A. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Cell Motility ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Population Migration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agar Concentration ◽  
Collective Interactions ◽  
Cell Phenotypes ◽  
Rigid Surfaces

ABSTRACTSwarming on rigid surfaces requires movement of cells as individuals and as a group of cells. For the bacteriumProteus mirabilis, an individual cell can respond to a rigid surface by elongating and migrating over micrometer-scale distances. Cells can form groups of transiently aligned cells, and the collective population is capable of migrating over centimeter-scale distances. To address howP. mirabilispopulations swarm on rigid surfaces, we asked whether cell elongation and single-cell motility are coupled to population migration. We first measured the relationship between agar concentration (a proxy for surface rigidity), single-cell phenotypes, and swarm colony phenotypes. We find that cell elongation and single-cell motility are coupled with population migration on low-percentage hard agar (1% to 2.5%) and become decoupled on high-percentage hard agar (>2.5%). Next, we evaluate how disruptions in lipopolysaccharide (LPS), specifically the O-antigen components, affect responses to hard agar. We find that LPS is not essential for elongation and motility of individual cells, as predicted, and instead functions to broaden the range of agar concentrations on which cell elongation and motility are coupled with population migration. These findings demonstrate that cell elongation and motility are coupled with population migration under a permissive range of surface conditions; increasing agar concentration is sufficient to decouple these behaviors. Since swarm colonies cover greater distances when these steps are coupled than when they are not, these findings suggest that collective interactions amongP. mirabiliscells might be emerging as a colony expands outwards on rigid surfaces.IMPORTANCEHow surfaces influence cell size, cell-cell interactions, and population migration for robust swarmers likeP. mirabilisis not fully understood. Here, we have elucidated how cells change length along a spectrum of sizes that positively correlates with increases in agar concentration, regardless of population migration. Single-cell phenotypes can be decoupled from collective population migration simply by increasing agar concentration. A cell’s lipopolysaccharides function to broaden the range of agar conditions under which cell elongation and single-cell motility remain coupled with population migration. In eukaryotes, the physical environment, such as a surface matrix, can impact cell development, shape, and migration. These findings support the idea that rigid surfaces similarly act on swarming bacteria to impact cell shape, single-cell motility, and collective population migration.

scholarly journals RodZ promotes MreB polymer formation and curvature localization to determine the cylindrical uniformity of E. coli shape

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy M. Morgenstein ◽  
Benjamin P. Bratton ◽  
Joshua W. Shaevitz ◽  
Zemer Gitai
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Body ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Polymer Formation ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Geometric Cues ◽  
Cell Changes

AbstractCell shape in bacteria is determined by the cell wall, which is synthesized by a variety of proteins whose actions are coordinated by the actin-like MreB protein. MreB uses local geometric cues of envelope curvature to avoid the cell poles and localize to specific regions of the cell body. However, it remains unclear whether MreB’s curvature preference is regulated by additional factors, and which features of MreB are essential for specific aspects of rod shape growth, such as cylindrical uniformity. Here we show that in addition to its previously-described role in mediating MreB motion, RodZ also modulates MreB polymer number and curvature preference. MreB polymer number and curvature localization can be regulated independently. Quantitative 3D measurements and a series of mutant strains show that among various properties of MreB, polymer number, total length of MreB polymers, and MreB curvature preference are the key determinants of cylindrical uniformity, a measure of the variability in radius within a single cell. Changes in the values of these parameters are highly predictive of the resulting changes in cell shape (r2=0.93). Our data suggest a model for rod shape in which RodZ promotes the assembly of multiple long MreB polymers that ensure the growth of a uniform cylinder.

scholarly journals Image-derived models of cell organization changes during differentiation and drug treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 655-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiongtao Ruan ◽  
Gregory R. Johnson ◽  
Iris Bierschenk ◽  
Roland Nitschke ◽  
Melanie Boerries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Pc12 Cells ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Nuclear Shape ◽  
Extensive Cell ◽  
Cell Organization ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Mitochondrial Distribution ◽  
Cell Variation ◽  
Time Point

Images of differentiating PC12 cells were used to construct models of cell shape, nuclear shape, and mitochondrial distribution. Likely trajectories that a single cell would have followed if it had been observed at each time point were found, and synthetic movies made that show the extensive cell–cell variation in rate and extent of differentiation.

scholarly journals Cell shape determines gene expression: cardiomyocyte morphotypic transcriptomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam Haftbaradaran Esfahani ◽  
Zaher ElBeck ◽  
Sven Sagasser ◽  
Xidan Li ◽  
Mohammad Bakhtiar Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Sensory Pathways ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Single Cell Rna Sequencing ◽  
Cell Shapes ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Altered Cell ◽  
Affect Gene Expression

AbstractCardiomyocytes undergo considerable changes in cell shape. These can be due to hemodynamic constraints, including changes in preload and afterload conditions, or to mutations in genes important for cardiac function. These changes instigate significant changes in cellular architecture and lead to the addition of sarcomeres, at the same time or at a later stage. However, it is currently unknown whether changes in cell shape on their own affect gene expression and the aim of this study was to fill that gap in our knowledge. We developed a single-cell morphotyping strategy, followed by single-cell RNA sequencing, to determine the effects of altered cell shape in gene expression. This enabled us to profile the transcriptomes of individual cardiomyocytes of defined geometrical morphotypes and characterize them as either normal or pathological conditions. We observed that deviations from normal cell shapes were associated with significant downregulation of gene expression and deactivation of specific pathways, like oxidative phosphorylation, protein kinase A, and cardiac beta-adrenergic signaling pathways. In addition, we observed that genes involved in apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and necrosis were upregulated in square-like pathological shapes. Mechano-sensory pathways, including integrin and Src kinase mediated signaling, appear to be involved in the regulation of shape-dependent gene expression. Our study demonstrates that cell shape per se affects the regulation of the transcriptome in cardiac myocytes, an effect with possible implications for cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals A morpho-transcriptomic map of brassinosteroid action in the Arabidopsis root

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Graeff ◽  
Surbhi Rana ◽  
Jos R. Wendrich ◽  
Julien Dorier ◽  
Thomas Eekhout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Arabidopsis Root ◽  
Proliferation Capacity ◽  
Brassinosteroid Signaling ◽  
Growth Vigor ◽  
Cell Transcriptome ◽  
Single Cell Transcriptome

The effects of brassinosteroid signaling on shoot and root development have been characterized in great detail but did not identify a simple consistent positive or negative impact on a basic cellular parameter that would comprehensively explain the phenotype of brassinosteroid-related mutants. Here we combined digital 3D single-cell shape analysis and single-cell mRNA sequencing to characterize root meristems and mature root segments of brassinosteroid-blind mutants and wildtype. These data demonstrate that brassinosteroid signaling neither affects cell volume nor cell proliferation capacity. Instead, brassinosteroid signaling is essential for the precise orientation of cell division planes and the extent and timing of anisotropic cell expansion. Moreover, we found that the cell-aligning effects of brassinosteroid signaling can propagate to normalize the anatomy of both adjacent and distant brassinosteroid-blind cells through non-cell-autonomous functions, which are sufficient to restore overall root growth vigor. Finally, single-cell transcriptome data discern directly brassinosteroid-responsive genes from genes that can react to non-cell-autonomous brassinosteroid-dependent signals and highlight arabinogalactans as sentinels of brassinosteroid-dependent anisotropic cell expansion.

scholarly journals Understanding Beta-Lactam-Induced Lysis at the Single-Cell Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Wong ◽  
Sean Wilson ◽  
Ralf Helbig ◽  
Smitha Hegde ◽  
Olha Aftenieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Cell Lysis ◽  
Mechanosensitive Channels ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Cell Death Pathway ◽  
Cell Shape Changes ◽  
Shape Changes

Mechanical rupture, or lysis, of the cytoplasmic membrane is a common cell death pathway in bacteria occurring in response to β-lactam antibiotics. A better understanding of the cellular design principles governing the susceptibility and response of individual cells to lysis could indicate methods of potentiating β-lactam antibiotics and clarify relevant aspects of cellular physiology. Here, we take a single-cell approach to bacterial cell lysis to examine three cellular features—turgor pressure, mechanosensitive channels, and cell shape changes—that are expected to modulate lysis. We develop a mechanical model of bacterial cell lysis and experimentally analyze the dynamics of lysis in hundreds of single Escherichia coli cells. We find that turgor pressure is the only factor, of these three cellular features, which robustly modulates lysis. We show that mechanosensitive channels do not modulate lysis due to insufficiently fast solute outflow, and that cell shape changes result in more severe cellular lesions but do not influence the dynamics of lysis. These results inform a single-cell view of bacterial cell lysis and underscore approaches of combatting antibiotic tolerance to β-lactams aimed at targeting cellular turgor.

scholarly journals Single-cell morphometrics reveals ancestral principles of notochord development

Development ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby G. R. Andrews ◽  
Wolfram Pönisch ◽  
Ewa Paluch ◽  
Benjamin J Steventon ◽  
Elia Benito-Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Embryonic Tissues ◽  
Cell Shape Change ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Notochord Cells ◽  
Complex Scheme ◽  
Notochord Length ◽  
Dynamic Interplay

Embryonic tissues are shaped by the dynamic behaviours of their constituent cells. To understand such cell behaviours and how they evolved, new approaches are needed to map out morphogenesis across different organisms. Here, we apply a quantitative approach to learn how the notochord forms during the development of amphioxus, a basally-branching chordate. Using a single-cell morphometrics pipeline, we quantify the geometries of thousands of amphioxus notochord cells, and project them into a common mathematical space, termed morphospace. In morphospace, notochord cells disperse into branching trajectories of cell shape change, revealing a dynamic interplay between cell shape change and growth that collectively contribute to tissue elongation. By spatially mapping these trajectories, we identify conspicuous regional variation, both in developmental timing and trajectory topology. Finally, we show experimentally that, unlike ascidians but like vertebrates, posterior cell division is required in amphioxus to generate full notochord length, thereby suggesting this might be an ancestral chordate trait secondarily lost in ascidians. Altogether, our novel approach reveals that an unexpectedly complex scheme of notochord morphogenesis might have been present in the first chordates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document