scholarly journals Carotid Ultrasound Screening Programs in Rural Communities: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjana Petrova ◽  
Hosen Kiat ◽  
Alex Gavino ◽  
Craig S. McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Ultrasound Screening ◽  
Carotid Ultrasound ◽  
Screening Programs

scholarly journals Carotid Ultrasound Screening Programs in Rural Communities: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
Marjana Petrova ◽  
Hosen Kiat ◽  
Alex Gavino ◽  
Craig S. McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Ultrasound Screening ◽  
Carotid Ultrasound ◽  
Screening Programs

Carotid atherosclerosis assessments inform about stroke and cardiovascular risk. It is known that stroke and cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence is higher in rural communities than in urban communities. We aimed to conduct a systematic review of rural carotid ultrasound screening programs to define carotid atherosclerosis using traditional and emerging imaging biomarkers, prevalence, and risk factors. We searched Ovid/MEDLINE, Ovid/EMBASE, SCOPUS and CINAHL from inception to 3 April 2020 for rural population studies that utilized carotid ultrasound screening for adults ≥40 years of age and free of known cerebrovascular disease. Studies were included if participants received a bilateral ultrasound scanning of the carotid arteries and reported at least one marker of carotid atherosclerosis pathology. A random effect meta-analyses calculated the estimated prevalence of carotid plaque. In total, 22/3461 articles that met all of the inclusion criteria were included. Studies reported increased intima media thickness (IMT), carotid plaque presence and carotid artery stenosis. There were no studies reporting on novel imaging markers, such as carotid stiffness, carotid plaque morphology or neovascularization. The overall random effect pooled prevalence of carotid plaque was 34.1% (95% CI, 33.6–35.0); the prevalence of increased IMT was 11.2–41.5%, and the prevalence of carotid artery stenosis was 0.4–16.0%. There is an absence of data necessary to understand the carotid atherosclerosis prevalence across global rural populations. Represented studies have focused on East Asian countries where a high burden of rural carotid artery disease has been reported. There is no rural evidence to guide the use of novel ultrasound carotid biomarkers such as stiffness or neovascularization.

scholarly journals Selection of patients for large mailed fecal immunochemical test colorectal cancer screening outreach programs: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 096914132199748
Author(s):  
Andrew Wang ◽  
Briton Lee ◽  
Shreya Patel ◽  
Evans Whitaker ◽  
Rachel B Issaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Patient Selection ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Immunochemical Test

Objective Digital health care offers an opportunity to scale and personalize cancer screening programs, such as mailed outreach for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. However, studies that describe the patient selection strategy and process for CRC screening are limited. Our objective was to evaluate implementation strategies for selecting patients for CRC screening programs in large health care systems. Methods We conducted a systematic review of 30 studies along with key informant surveys and interviews to describe programmatic implementation strategies for selecting patients for CRC screening. PubMed and Embase were searched since inception through December 2018, and hand searches were performed of the retrieved reference lists but none were incorporated ( n = 0). No language exclusions were applied. Results Common criteria for outreach exclusion included: being up-to-date with routine CRC screening ( n = 22), comorbidities ( n = 20), and personal history ( n = 22) or family history of cancer ( n = 9). Key informant surveys and interviews were performed ( n = 28) to understand data sources and practices for patient outreach selection, and found that 13 studies leveraged electronic medical care records, 10 studies leveraged a population registry (national, municipal, community, health), 4 studies required patient opt-in, and 1 study required primary care provider referral. Broad ranges in fecal immunochemical test completion were observed in community clinic ( n = 8, 31.0–59.6%), integrated health system ( n = 5, 21.2–82.7%), and national regional CRC screening programs ( n = 17, 23.0–64.7%). Six studies used technical codes, and four studies required patient self-reporting from a questionnaire to participate. Conclusion This systematic review provides health systems with the diverse outreach practices and technical tools to support efforts to automate patient selection for CRC screening outreach.

Parents' Perceptions of and Responses to School‐Based Body Mass Index Screening Programs—A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina L. Tatum ◽  
Jessica M. Valenzuela ◽  
Roya A. Amirniroumand ◽  
Paula M. Brochu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
School Based

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Incidence of Congenital Phenylketonuria in 59 Countries: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
Nastaran Mojibi ◽  
◽  
Shabnam Ghazanfari-Sarabi ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Bagher Hashemi-Soteh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Current Systematic Review ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Shed Light

Context: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most frequent inborn error of metabolism, in which newborns cannot metabolize phenylalanine to tyrosine. Increased phenylalanine in untreated patients with PKU can cause serious intellectual disability; its onerous financial burden also falls on societies. This review study aimed to systematically indicate the frequency of PKU worldwide. We also intended to highlight the global prevalence of PKU, which might shed light on better clinical management and screening programs. Methods: In this systematic review, two electronic databases, including PubMed and ScienceDirect were searched for the related literature using relevant keywords: “Phenylketonuria” or “PKU” and “Prevalence” or “Incidence” and “Iran” or “Middle East” or “Europe” or “America” or “Asia.” Accordingly, 4306 reports conducted on PKU from January 2007 to December 2018 were retrieved. With the removal of 44 duplicated publications, 44 reports were included in the current systematic review. Prevalence and incidence rates were categorized based on different continents in which nations used various NBS programs to report the incidence and prevalence of PKU. Non-English, non-eligible, duplicated, animal, and in vitro studies are excluded. Results: Based on the reported quantitative data, the prevalence of PKU diagnosed worldwide ranged from 0.00044% to 0.02736% in which Italy possessed the highest prevalence; however, Thailand manifested the lowest prevalence rate. However, for some countries, such as India or Finland, either the related data to the frequency of PKU was outdated or overlooked applying any newborn screening programs respecting PKU. Conclusions: The current study revealed an elevated prevalence of PKU in Iran, compared with other Asian countries; thus, it demands a more serious management program. Moreover, the high prevalence of PKU in European countries should not be underestimated.

scholarly journals Outcomes of hepatitis C screening programs targeted at risk groups hidden in the general population: a systematic review

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Freke R Zuure ◽  
Anouk T Urbanus ◽  
Miranda W Langendam ◽  
Charles W Helsper ◽  
Charlotte HSB van den Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
General Population ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Screening Programs

Predictors of participant nonadherence in lung cancer screening programs: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Lung Cancer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 134-144
Author(s):  
Andrew C.L. Lam ◽  
Reenika Aggarwal ◽  
Serina Cheung ◽  
Erin L. Stewart ◽  
Gail Darling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
Screening Programs

Screening Program of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Angiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muriel Sprynger ◽  
Michel Willems ◽  
Hendrik Van Damme ◽  
Benny Drieghe ◽  
J. C. Wautrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Ultrasound Screening ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Elective Repair

In Europe, the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in the elderly population (≥65 year old) has declined in the past decades to <4%. Aneurysmal degeneration of the aorta is a serious and potentially life-threatening vascular disease. Abdominal aortic aneurysms typically develop subclinically and often only become symptomatic when complicated by impending rupture. Most AAAs are discovered incidentally while investigating for an unrelated pathology. Ruptured AAA is the tenth leading cause of death in Belgium (0.32% of all deaths in 2014). Health-care providers have emphasized the importance of early detection of AAA and elective repair when the rupture risk outweighs operative risk (usual diameter threshold of 55 mm). Routine AAA screening programs, consisting of a single abdominal ultrasonography at the age of 65 years, aim to reduce the number of AAA-related deaths. Does population-based ultrasound screening for AAA achieve its objective and is it cost-effective? This literature review tries to answer these challenging questions.

scholarly journals Reply to Accelerated Silicosis—An Emerging Epidemic Associated with Engineered Stone. Comment on Leso, V. et al. Artificial Stone-Associated Silicosis: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(4), 568, doi:10.3390/ijerph16040568

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1201
Author(s):  
Veruscka Leso ◽  
Luca Fontana ◽  
Rosaria Romano ◽  
Paola Gervetti ◽  
Ivo Iavicoli
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Disease Manifestation ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Artificial Stone

Our systematic review on artificial stone (AS)-associated silicosis and the related comment by Edwards underline the urgency to define effective strategies to assess and manage the risk of exposure to silica in workers involved in AS job tasks. Case screening programs may be important to fully understand the extent of the silicosis epidemic associated with AS and point out critical issues in workplace settings/practices that, by contributing to higher respirable crystalline exposure, favor the disease manifestation. This information may guide the identification of the most appropriate preventive measures in workplaces, especially regarding the administration of updated training and information courses, the definition of good working practices, and the application of targeted health surveillance programs. However, considering the recent epidemiological data and the severity of AS-associated silicosis, it would be appropriate (according to the hierarchy of control strategy) to also consider the application of more stringent prevention measures, such as a safety-by-design approach to the chemical formulation of the AS. Overall, the implementation of the aforementioned preventive measures should ensure an effective control of the current silicosis epidemic and, at the same time, prevent the development of new disease cases in the near future.

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