A causal-realist analysis of deadweight loss from taxation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tate Fegley ◽  
Kristoffer Mousten Hansen ◽  
Karl-Friedrich Israel
Keyword(s):  
Deadweight Loss ◽  
Realist Analysis

Seinsbegegnung

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-274
Author(s):  
Katrin Felgenhauer
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Central Concern ◽  
Epistemic Relation ◽  
Ontological Question ◽  
Realist Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Realist Ontology

AbstractThe contemporary realist turn in philosophy can be seen as a reaction to a merely constructivist understanding of being. The formulation of a realist ontology was already the central concern of Nicolai Hartmann’s philosophy. Hartmann argues that in order to pose the ontological question critically, a realist analysis of the cognitive relation must precede posing the question of being. From the critical analysis, it follows that the cognitive relation is embedded in the relationship of being. Thus, the epistemic relation becomes understandable in the sense of beings encountering and touching one another. In this respect, some proponents of the contemporary realist turn emphasize that there is a philosophically relevant experience of being that can be understood as resistance. Beyond this statement, Hartmann’s analysis of the encounter with being is able to take into account the fact that different kinds of being touch us differently.

scholarly journals The Welfare Impact of Second-Best Uniform-Pigouvian Taxation: Evidence from Transportation

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Knittel ◽  
Ryan Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Market Failure ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
Deadweight Loss ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Welfare Impact ◽  
Second Best ◽  
Pigouvian Taxes ◽  
Gasoline Taxes ◽  
Optimal Taxes

When consumers or firms don’t face the true social cost of their actions, market outcomes are inefficient. In the case of negative externalities, Pigouvian taxes are one way to correct this market failure, but it may be infeasible to tax the externality directly. The alternative, taxing a related product, will be second-best. In this paper, we show that in the presence of heterogeneous externalities and elasticities, this type of indirect tax performs poorly. In our empirical application, gasoline taxes to address pollution externalities, less than a third of the deadweight loss of the externality is addressed by second-best optimal taxes. (JEL D62, H21, H23, H71, H76, Q53, R48)

War Decision and Neoclassical Realism: The Entry of the Ottoman Empire into the First World War

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Balci ◽  
Tuncay Kardaş ◽  
İsmail Ediz ◽  
Yildirim Turan
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Great War ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Unit Level ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Realist Analysis ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World

Why did the fracturing Ottoman Empire enter the Great War? Why did the Ottomans drag their feet for a period of three months although the alliance treaty stipulated that the Ottomans should enter the war against Russia if the latter fought with Germany? This article sets forth a neoclassical realist analysis of the war decision by the members of Ottoman foreign policy executive as the outcome of dynamic interactions between the systemic stimuli/structural modifiers and unit-level variables that occurred in a limited time frame (August to November 1914) and sequentially influenced the strategic calculus of the actors involved. It demonstrates that a changing amalgamation of systemic and unit-level factors were instrumental in the Ottoman decision to enter the Great War, the most prominent of which was the divided foreign policy executive.

A self-organized reciprocal control method for multi-robot simultaneous coverage and tracking

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runfeng Chen ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Lincheng Shen
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Task Assignment ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Velocity Space ◽  
Deadweight Loss ◽  
Traffic Surveillance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Optimal Velocity ◽  
Service Environment ◽  
Self Organized

Purpose Multi-robots simultaneously coverage and tracking (SCAT) is the problem of simultaneously covering area and tracking targets, which is essential for many applications, such as delivery service, environment monitor, traffic surveillance, crime monitor, anti-terrorist mission and so on. The purpose of this paper is to improve the performance of detected target quantity, coverage rate and less deadweight loss by designing a self-organized method for multi-robots SCAT. Design/methodology/approach A self-organized reciprocal control method is proposed, coupling task assignment, tracking and covering, equipped with collision-avoiding ability naturally. First, SCAT problem is directly modeled as optimal reciprocal coverage velocity (ORCV) in velocity space. Second, the preferred velocity is generated by calculating the best velocity to the center of some robot detected targets. ORCV is given by adjusting the velocity relative to neighbor robots’ toward in optimal coverage velocity (OCV); it is proven that OCV is collision-free assembly. Third, some corresponding algorithms are designed for finding optimal velocity under two situations, such as no detected targets and empty ORCV. Findings The simulation results of two cases for security robots show that the proposed method has detected more targets with less deadweight loss and decision time and no collisions anytime. Originality/value In this paper, a self-organized reciprocal control method is proposed for multi-robots SCAT problem, which is modeled in velocity space directly, different to the traditional method modeling in configuration space. What is more, this method considers the reciprocal of robots that contributes to the better accomplishment of SCAT cooperatively.

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