Natural Barriers and Policy Barriers

10.3386/w28171 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yang Jiao ◽

Shang-Jin Wei

Keyword(s):

Policy Barriers ◽

Natural Barriers

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Natural Barriers and Internal Sources for the Reproductive Isolation in Sympatric Salmonids from the Lake–River System

Evolutionary Biology ◽

10.1007/s11692-021-09546-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

G. N. Markevich ◽

D. V. Zlenko ◽

F. N. Shkil ◽

U. K. Schliewen ◽

L. A. Anisimova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Isolation ◽

River System ◽

Internal Sources ◽

Natural Barriers

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This Little Piggy Went to Market: The Xenotransplantation and Xenozoonose Debate

The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics ◽

10.1111/j.1748-720x.1999.tb01446.x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 137-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Margaret A. Clark

Keyword(s):

New Technologies ◽

Unintended Consequences ◽

Human Beings ◽

Policy Issues ◽

Recent Letter ◽

Ethical Concerns ◽

Private Citizens ◽

Clinical Risks ◽

Natural Barriers

New technologies are changing our lives radically and quickly. New biotechnologies are moving to commercial uses faster than government regulators or private citizens can monitor. This tension manifests itself in the current debates over xenotransplantation technologies in medicine. The possibility of removing cells, tissues, and organs from animals and transplanting them into human beings is startling and unnerving. Natural immunesystem barriers between species, and even between individuals within a species, are formidable. Typically, transplantation results in violent rejection and death of the grafted organ. But despite the natural barriers to transplantation, xenotransplantation aims specifically to overcome them.In this paper, I will discuss applications of xenograft technology, which raises clinical risks, ethical concerns, and policy issues. I conclude with a set of specific recommendations. As a recent letter to the journal Nature puts it, there is a “split between those who want to get it right, and those who want to get it right now.” No one knows what all the risks, benefits, and unintended consequences of xenotransplantation will be.

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