scholarly journals The Volunteer’s Dilemma Explains the Bystander Effect

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pol Campos-Mercade
Keyword(s):  
Bystander Effect ◽  
Volunteer’S Dilemma

Asymmetric Volunteer's Dilemma Game: Theory and Experiment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiji Kawagoe ◽  
Taisuke Matsubae ◽  
Hirokazu Takizawa ◽  
Tetsuo Yamamori
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Volunteer’S Dilemma ◽  
Theory And Experiment

Stem Cell-Mediated Exon Skipping of the Dystrophin Gene by the Bystander Effect

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirella Meregalli ◽  
Andrea Farini ◽  
Clementina Sitzia ◽  
Cyriaque Beley ◽  
Paola Razini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Bystander Effect ◽  
Exon Skipping ◽  
Dystrophin Gene

Growth Retardation of Poorly Transfectable Tumor by Multiple Injections of Plasmids Encoding PE40 Based Targeted Toxin Complexed with Polyethylenimine

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-296
Author(s):  
Yuriy Khodarovich ◽  
Darya Rakhmaninova ◽  
German Kagarlitskiy ◽  
Anastasia Baryshnikova ◽  
Sergey Deyev
Keyword(s):  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Bystander Effect ◽  
Dna Encoding ◽  
Complex Preparation ◽  
Human Telomerase ◽  
Linear Polyethylenimine ◽  
Cag Promoter ◽  
Targeted Toxin

Background:: One of the approaches to cancer gene therapy relies on tumor transfection with DNA encoding toxins under the control of tumor-specific promoters. Methods:: Here, we used DNA plasmids encoding very potent anti-ERBB2 targeted toxin, driven by the human telomerase promoter or by the ubiquitous CAG promoter (pTERT-ETA and pCAG-ETA) and linear polyethylenimine to target cancer cells. Results:: We showed that the selectivity of cancer cell killing by the pTERT-ETA plasmid is highly dependent upon the method of preparation of DNA-polyethylenimine complexes. After adjustment of complex preparation protocol, cell lines with high activity of telomerase promoter can be selectively killed by transfection with the pTERT-ETA plasmid. We also showed that cells transfected with pTERT-ETA and pCAG-ETA plasmids do not exert any detectable bystander effect in vitro. Conclusion:: Despite this, three intratumoral injections of a plasmid-polyethylenimine complex resulted in substantial growth retardation of a poorly transfectable D2F2/E2 tumor in mice. There were no significant differences in anti-tumor properties between DNA constructs with telomerase or CAG promoters in vivo.

scholarly journals Poly(beta-amino ester) Nanoparticles Enable Tumor-Specific TRAIL Secretion and a Bystander Effect to Treat Liver Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah J. Vaughan ◽  
Camila G. Zamboni ◽  
Nicholas P. Radant ◽  
Pranshu Bhardwaj ◽  
Esther Revai Lechtich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Bystander Effect ◽  
Amino Ester

scholarly journals Antibody–Drug Conjugates for the Treatment of Breast Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2898
Author(s):  
Chiara Corti ◽  
Federica Giugliano ◽  
Eleonora Nicolò ◽  
Liliana Ascione ◽  
Giuseppe Curigliano
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Bystander Effect ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Target Antigen ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
Antibody Drug Conjugates ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Antibody Drug

Metastatic breast cancer (BC) is currently an incurable disease. Besides endocrine therapy and targeted agents, chemotherapy is often used in the treatment of this disease. However, lack of tumor specificity and toxicity associated with dose exposure limit the manageability of cytotoxic agents. Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are a relatively new class of anticancer drugs. By merging the selectivity of monoclonal antibodies with the cytotoxic properties of chemotherapy, they improve the therapeutic index of antineoplastic agents. Three core components characterize ADCs: the antibody, directed to a target antigen; the payload, typically a cytotoxic agent; a linker, connecting the antibody to the payload. The most studied target antigen is HER2 with some agents, such as trastuzumab deruxtecan, showing activity not only in HER2-positive, but also in HER2-low BC patients, possibly due to a bystander effect. This property to provide a cytotoxic impact also against off-target cancer cells may overcome the intratumoral heterogeneity of some target antigens. Other cancer-associated antigens represent a strategy for the development of ADCs against triple-negative BC, as shown by the recent approval of sacituzumab govitecan. In this review, we discuss the current landscape of ADC development for the treatment of BC, as well as the possible limitations of this treatment.

Attribution Theory, Bystander Effect and Willingness to Intervene in Intimate Partner Violence

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199794
Author(s):  
Clara N. Wijaya ◽  
Lynne D. Roberts ◽  
Robert T. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Attribution Theory ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Bystander Effect ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Willingness To Intervene

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a crime that is afflicted by a current or previous romantic relationship partner. One in four women has experienced IPV at least once in their lifetime, with physical and psychological consequences. IPV cases tend to go largely unnoticed and under-reported, with low rates of intervention by bystanders. This cross-sectional correlational study investigated whether a combination of attribution theory and the bystander effect could predict the willingness of strangers to intervene in IPV. There were two models tested. The first model examined attitudes towards the victim, while the second one examined attitudes towards the perpetrator. The relationship between perceived responsibility and willingness to intervene was hypothesized to be mediated by sympathy and anger, with the number of bystanders as a moderator to mediating pathways (sympathy towards victim and anger towards perpetrator). A convenience sample of 278 Australian residents aged 18-years and older was presented in a vignette depicting an IPV incident occurring in public. Participants completed measures about the vignette in an online questionnaire. Model testing was conducted using MPlus; confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit of the measurement models. After controlling potential covariates, moderated mediation models of victim and perpetrator were analyzed. Attribution theory was a significant predictor in willingness to intervene ( f² = .23, p < .001), but the bystander effect was not. Both attitudes towards victim and perpetrator accounted for unique variance in willingness to intervene in IPV, highlighting the importance of examining both. Findings indicate that psychoeducation campaigns aimed at reducing victim-blaming and promoting intervening behavior could be an effective means of preventing IPV.

Social rewards in the volunteer’s dilemma in everyday life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Jessica Tham ◽  
Takaaki Hashimoto ◽  
Kaori Karasawa
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Volunteer’S Dilemma ◽  
Social Rewards
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document