International Commercial Courts: Possible Problematic Social Externalities of a Dispute Resolution Product with Good Market Potential

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schultz ◽  
Clément Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Good Market ◽  
Commercial Courts

scholarly journals Patent landscape of Chinese Classical Formulas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruipeng Shi ◽  
Hua Luo ◽  
Yi Zhao ◽  
Yuyang Tang ◽  
Zhangfeng Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Good Market ◽  
Patent Landscape ◽  
Patent Applications ◽  
Large Decline

Abstract BackgroundChinese Classical Formulas (經典名方, CCFs) are clinically employed formulas that have been documented in the literature since before the Ming era. In 2010, China began focusing on the development and product transformation of CCFs and issued a list of 100 CCFs as a reference. Patents are key components of the process for transferring technology to product; however, they are rarely employed in current CCF research. Therefore, the present study aims to explore the current situation of CCFs based on the China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) and provide a reference for researchers, investors, and policymakers to make relevant decisions. MethodsInformation on CCF publication numbers was obtained from the CNIPA, and data for patent applications made before June 30, 2021, on inventors, titles, and abstracts were searched in the patent database, Derwent Innovation. Duplicate application numbers were removed, applications were standardized, and inventors were categorized. The processed data were then used for subsequent analyses. ResultsA total of 287 patents were included in this analysis, and 61 CCFs were patented. Two major policies regarding CCFs in 2011 and 2019 greatly stimulated related patent applications, but lacked sustainability, followed by a relatively large decline in 2012 and 2020. Among the granted patents, 42.59% are analytical methods-related inventions and 24.07% for preparation methods. The percentage of core patents on substance basis and mechanism of action is relatively small. ConclusionPolicies have a significant impact on CCF R&D. The number of CCF patent applications is increasing every year and there is an increasing number of companies as patent applicants, which indicates that CCF is considered to have a good market potential. However, the lack of high quality patents may create difficulties for future development and this will be an important issue to be addressed. Keywords Chinese classical formulations, Chinese medicine, patent, product transformation

scholarly journals International commercial courts as new actors in adjudication business: Collaborators or competitors?

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-71
Author(s):  
Balša Stevanović
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Hybrid Structure ◽  
Definitive Answer ◽  
Financial Centre ◽  
The World ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
International Adjudication ◽  
Commercial Courts ◽  
Different Parts

International commercial courts are a relatively new phenomenon that changes the configuration of the international adjudication business. As novel players on the dispute resolution scene, these courts challenge the notion of competition between the existing actors in the business. From the perspective of arbitration, international commercial courts tend to be perceived as both collaborators and competitors. Furthermore, various driving forces influenced the creation of these courts, which gave them a hybrid structure and a quite unique institutional appearance. This article examines three prominent courts in three different parts of the world: the Dubai International Financial Centre Courts (DIFCC), the Singapore International Commercial Court (SICC) and the Netherlands Commercial Court (NCC). The aim is to identify the main features of these adjudication actors that operate within three highly commercially relevant geographic regions in order to outline their character and role on the adjudication business stage. Eventually, through these examples this article addresses the puzzling question of competition versus cooperation in contrast to arbitration. Nevertheless, it is still hard to give a definitive answer - it seems too early for a firm prediction regarding the future of these projects. Jurisprudence must be developed in order to comprehensively test the success of international commercial courts

Modeling of Pervaporation Reactor for Benzyl Alcohol Acetylation

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailas L. Wasewar
Keyword(s):  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Good Market ◽  
Esterification Reactions ◽  
Improved Model

The pervaporation reactor is, specifically, the new technology for reaction and separation. It is rather difficult to predict the market potential of processes newly introduced on the market. However, in comparing investment costs, environmental aspects of pervaporation systems with those of conventional processes, it can be said that pervaporation reactor will play an important role in the chemical industry for new installations as well as for rehabilitation of existing plants. Techno-economic studies are showing that pervaporation reactors have good market potential. There are many examples where pervaporation reactors can reduce product costs by an important margin. The most common reaction system studied for the application of pervaporation is an esterification reaction between an alcohol and an acid in the presence of a highly acidic catalyst (e.g., concentrated sulfuric acid). In the present paper, modified/improved model for pervaporation reactor for benzyl alcohol acetylation is presented. The parametric sensitivity is studied for the performance of pervaporation reactor. The use of pervaporation coupled to the esterification reaction increases the conversion considerably. The modified model allows the evaluations of the reaction time necessary to achieve a given conversion. The model makes it possible to determine the membrane surface area / operating time ratio for a given conversion. The present model can be extended for the other esterification reactions in pervaporation reactors.

scholarly journals MONO PRINTING ON CONTEMPORARY WESTERN WEARS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-165
Author(s):  
Aarti Lad
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Sample Group ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Fashion Products ◽  
Art Form ◽  
Good Market ◽  
Printing Technique ◽  
Design And Application

English - Mono printing is the first printing technique used by younger people in Western countries to create a new surface for painting with the natural colors available and now to create textures on clothing as well. It has no history in India. The present research aims to gather more information about this printing technology and explore its future in the Indian modern fashion market. For this a collection of contemporary western casualwear was designed and developed. The responses of 100 adolescent girls as respondents were collected and analyzed for the awareness of this art form and its viability in the fashion market. The study revealed that the majority of the sample group were unaware of this printing technique, but found the design and application of this technology to be highly aesthetic in the quality garments developed. There is a good market potential for the fashion products made by this technology of printing. Hindi -   मोनो प्रिंटिंग प्रथम प्रिंटिंग तकनीक है, जो पश्चिमी देषों में कम उम्र के लोगों द्वारा उपलब्ध प्राकृतिक रंगों के साथ पेंटिग के लिए नए प्रकार की सतह बनाने और अब कपड़ों पर भी बनावट बनाने के लिए उपयोग की जाती है। भारत में इसका कोई इतिहास नहीं है।  वर्तमान अनुसंधान का उद्देश्य इस प्रिंटिंग तकनीक के बारे में अधिक जानकारी एकत्रित करना और भारतीय आधुनिक फैशन बाजार में इसके भविष्य का पता लगाना है। इस के लिए समकालिक पश्चिमी कैजुअलवियर परिधानों का संग्रह डिजाइन और विकसित किया गया। उत्तरदाताओं के रूप में १०० किशोरियों कीे प्रतिक्रियाओं को एकत्र कर उनमें इस कला की जागरूकता और फैशन बाजार में व्यवहार्यता का विश्लेषण किया गया । अध्ययन से पता चला है कि, सेम्पल समूह में अधिकांष प्रिंटिंग की इस तकनीक से अनभिज्ञ है, लेकिन विकसित गुणवत्तापूर्ण परिधानों की डिजाइन और उनपर इस तकनीक का उपयोग को उन्होंने अत्यधिक सौंदर्यात्मक पाया । प्रिंटिंग की इस तकनीक से तैयार फैशन उत्पादों के लिए बाजार में अच्छी संभावनाएं हैं।

scholarly journals Conjoint Analysis Reveals Consumers Prefer Long, Thin Asparagus Spears

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1259-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget K. Behe
Keyword(s):  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Good Market ◽  
High Relative Importance ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Sensitive Group

Michigan fresh asparagus marketers were interested in profiling asparagus consumers in the Northeast and Midwest with regard to preferences, purchases, preparation, and consumption. A computer-assisted survey was conducted with a total of 1126 respondents representative of the population on average in 12 selected states in the Northeast and Midwest. Even though the U.S. Department of Agriculture recommends adults consume three servings of vegetables daily, on average over the 2 weeks before taking the survey, 62% did not. Only 39% of the persons in the sample ate fresh asparagus in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Twenty-five percent ate it steamed on the stovetop. The conjoint analysis accounted for 63% of the variance in asparagus preference with attribute relative importance decreasing from price (42.0%), to brand (29.9%), to spear diameter (23.5%), to spear segment (4.6%). Light users consumed fresh asparagus at least once in the 4 weeks before the survey, during the peak fresh asparagus season. The potential to increase consumption in this large group (28% of the sample but 71% of asparagus consumers) is tremendous. They placed high relative importance on price per pound and will likely be the more price-sensitive group. If their consumption can be increased by one more asparagus consumption event per month, it could increase asparagus demand by 14%. Results show there is good market potential for a prepackaged fresh asparagus product in the Northeast and Midwest.

Performance of triploid cultivars of banana (Musa spp.) under Maharashtra conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. Shaikh ◽  
C. D. Badgujar ◽  
V. M. Rajenimbalkar
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Musa Sp ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Good Market

The present study was undertaken to evaluate ten cultivars of banana (Musa sp.) belonging to different genomic groups (AAA, AAB and ABB) for growth, yield and quality attributes as well as its reaction to Sigatoka leaf spot disease. From the evaluation of the data for growth, yield and quality parameters, it was evident that cv.Grand naine has recorded better horticultural performance than other cultivars studied. It was also inferred that all the cultivars from AAA genomic group recorded B: C ratio in the range of 1.65to 2.29, while rest of the cultivars from AAB and ABB genomic group recorded B:C ratio in between 0.76 to 1.08. The cv. Grand naine was found better in respect of growth, duration, yield and quality attributes with good market potential under Maharashtra conditions.

scholarly journals Experimenting with International Commercial Dispute Resolution

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Pamela K. Bookman ◽  
Matthew S. Erie
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
To Come ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
Commercial Courts

In this essay, we describe the overlapping phenomena of new legal hubs (NLHs), international commercial courts, and arbitral courts. We survey their impact on the law and geopolitics of international commercial dispute resolution, identifying key issues these new dispute resolution institutions raise. While the rise of international commercial courts spans authoritarian and liberal states, Western and Asian states, common law and civil law traditions, it also highlights and builds upon regional differences. We question the assumption that the establishment of new courts is always consistent with an increase in the rule of law, particularly in non-democratic states. We close with thoughts about the potential influence and future role of these institutions. Some of the procedural innovations discussed here may lead to shifts in international commercial dispute resolution for years to come, but the question of whether there is sufficient demand for these new institutions lingers.

Effects of Government Policies on Smallholder Palm Cultivation: An Example from Borneo

1993 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Safran ◽  
Ricardo Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Forest Product ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Good Market ◽  
The Government

Rattan is a non-timber forest product with good market potential that has been cultivated sustainably by smallholders for over a century. The government of Indonesia imposed a ban on the export of raw and semi-processed rattan in 1988. To determine whether and how the ban has affected smallholders, we interviewed farmers in two rattan-growing regions in Kalimantan. Since the ban, prices and rural incomes have dropped, cultivation has slowed/stopped (at least temporarily), and farmers have switched to and/or intensified other types of activities.

scholarly journals Yield and Quality of Vegetable Soybean Cultivars for Production in North Dakota

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 896-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Duppong ◽  
Harlene Hatterman-Valenti
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vegetable Soybean ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Good Market

Vegetable soybeans (Glycine max), the same species as field-dried soybeans, have similar production requirements and good market potential for commercial producers in upper midwestern United States. Five vegetable soybean cultivars were tested for yield and quality characteristics and to assess the necessity of field irrigation during 2003 and 2004 in North Dakota. Cultivars of different maturity dates were evaluated for stand densities, pod production, seed weight, and marketable yield. Total marketable yields varied between the years, ranging from 5773 to 10,118 lb/acre. Lower yields in 2003 were attributed to significantly lower population stands caused by poor germination conditions. `Envy', the earliest maturing cultivar, produced a significantly smaller seed size, while `Sayamusume' produced a greater seed size than the other cultivars both years. `Butterbean', `IA1010', and `IA2062' yielded greater percentages of three-bean pods than the other two cultivars each growing season. Irrigation did not increase the marketable pod yield or the quality variables examined each season; thus it appears that rainfall during the growing season may be adequate for vegetable soybean production in this region.

scholarly journals COMPARING THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL COURTS OF CHINA WITH THE SINGAPORE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL COURT

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (04) ◽  
pp. 903-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengxin Huo ◽  
Man Yip
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Resolution System ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Dispute Resolution System ◽  
Commercial Courts

AbstractThe article critically reviews the litigation framework of the Chinese International Commercial Court (‘CICC’) using a comparative approach, taking as a benchmark the Singapore International Commercial Court (‘SICC’)—another Asian international commercial court situated within the Belt and Road Initiative (‘BRI’) geography. It argues that the CICC, despite being lauded as a visionary step toward an innovative, efficient and trustworthy dispute resolution system, does not live up to those grand claims on closer scrutiny. The discussion shows that the CICC is in many respects insular and conservative when compared with the SICC. The distinctions between the two litigation frameworks may be explained by the differences in objectives. Whereas the SICC was created to compete for international judicial business and bolster Singapore as a leading dispute resolution hub, the CICC is presently designed to provide a legal safeguard in BRI disputes with Chinese elements. This article also identifies major challenges confronting the CICC and sets out proposals for change.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document