scholarly journals Does Pricing Carbon Mitigate Climate Change? Firm-Level Evidence from the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Colmer ◽  
Ralf Martin ◽  
Mirabelle Muûls ◽  
Ulrich J. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Emissions Trading Scheme ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
Trading Scheme

“Make your own special song, even if nobody else sings along”: International aviation emissions and the EU Emissions Trading Scheme

Climate Law ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kati Kulovesi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
International Law ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Emissions Trading Scheme ◽  
Aviation Emissions ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
The Eu

This article focuses on the escalating international row over the decision by the European Union to include aviation emissions in its Emissions Trading Scheme from 2012 onwards. The main point of controversy is that the ETS will apply to foreign airlines to the extent they operate flights to and from EU airports. The article sheds light on the background of the dispute by providing an overview of the slow progress on aviation emissions under the UNFCCC and the International Civil Aviation Organization. It describes the main features of the EU scheme and discusses the pending request for a preliminary ruling from the Court of Justice of the European Union concerning the compatibility of the ETS with international law. The article concludes that there is a good case to be made for the legal design of the EU’s scheme for aviation emissions under international law. Furthermore, from a climate-policy perspective, the scheme can be seen as a necessary first step towards controlling rapidly growing aviation emissions. At the same time, the continuing global impasse on climate change mitigation raises concerns over fragmentation of climate change law and the spread of unilateral climate policies and retaliatory measures.

Up in the Air: Aviation, the EU Emissions Trading Scheme and the Question of Jurisdiction

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 475-506
Author(s):  
Christina Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Eu Ets ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Emissions Trading Scheme ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
Eu Emissions Trading Scheme ◽  
The Eu

AbstractFrom 1 January 2012, all flights departing from or arriving at the European Union are covered by the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). Amendments were made to Directive 2003/87/EC by Directive 2008/101/EC with the objective of reducing climate change impacts attributable to aviation, but also in order to avoid distortions of competition. The scheme now includes all airlines, including those from third countries, and accounts for emissions that occur partly outside the airspace of EU Member States. A large number of third countries claim that the extension of the Emissions Trading Scheme to legs of flights outside EU territory violates the principle of state sovereignty and deny the jurisdiction of the EU to regulate emissions that occur beyond its borders. So far, the validity of the EU regulation has been challenged by a claim brought by US and Canadian air carriers. They contended that, in adopting the Directive, the EU infringed principles of customary international law—in particular the principle of state sovereignty and the prohibition of extraterritorial application—as well as various international agreements. On 21 December 2011, the Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that the inclusion of emissions from aviation in the EU ETS is valid. In response, Chinese and Indian carriers threatened not to pay the charge, while US airlines pledged to consider other options. This chapter analyses the judgment of the Court and the opinion of Advocate General Kokott in this case. Particular attention is given to the question of extraterritorial jurisdiction and the understanding of state sovereignty in the context of global climate change mitigation. The chapter argues that the Court missed an opportunity to contribute to the clarification of the law on jurisdiction and to the development of climate law.

Trading Schemes, Risks, and Costs: The Cases of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme and the Renewables Obligation

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 938-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Toke
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
False Belief ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Emissions Trading Scheme ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
And Control

The appropriateness and importance of market-based environmental governance systems vary according to different cases. Although so-called ‘market trading’ regimes can be useful in some circumstances, a false belief in the inevitability of their cost-effectiveness compared with so-called ‘command and control’ systems has allowed policy distortions to occur. So-called ‘command and control’ policies are being underemphasised, despite the fact that they may achieve reductions in carbon emissions that are cheaper than those likely to be achieved through emissions (or ‘certificate’) trading regimes. I address theoretical arguments which I then place in context with analysis of some features of the British Renewables Obligation and the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme.

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