scholarly journals Merchandise Export Diversification Strategy for Tanzania - Promoting Inclusive Growth, Economic Complexity and Structural Change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Estmann ◽  
Bjørn Bo Sørensen ◽  
Benno J. Ndulu ◽  
John Rand
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
Economic Complexity ◽  
Merchandise Export ◽  
Growth Economic

Atlas of economic complexity, Russian regional pages

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Lyubimov ◽  
M. V. Lysyuk ◽  
M. A. Gvozdeva
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Economic Complexity ◽  
Diversification Strategies ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Well-established results indicate that export diversification might be a better growth strategy for an emerging economy as long as its GDP per capita level is smaller than an empirically defined threshold. As average incomes in Russian regions are likely to be far below the threshold, it might be important to estimate their diversification potential. The paper discusses the Atlas of economic complexity for Russian regions created to visualize regional export baskets, to estimate their complexity and evaluate regional export potential. The paper’s results are consistent with previous findings: the complexity of export is substantially higher and diversification potential is larger in western and central regions of Russia. Their export potential might become larger if western and central regions, first, try to join global value added chains and second, cooperate and develop joint diversification strategies. Northern and eastern regions are by contrast much less complex and their diversification potential is small.

Export Upgrading and the Extent of Structural Change in Tax Revenue in Developing Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sèna Kimm Gnangnon
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This article examines the relevance of export-upgrading strategy (export quality improvement and export diversification) in developing countries for the structural change in tax revenue (trade tax revenue versus domestic tax revenue). The empirical analysis suggests that the lower the degree of export upgrading (higher export concentration or low quality of export products) the higher the extent of structural change in tax revenue, that is, a tax transition reform. In the meantime, the effect of export upgrading on the extent of structural change in tax revenue appears to be conditioned on the degree of countries’ openness to international trade. JEL Classification: H1, F14, O1

scholarly journals WHATEVER HAPPENED TO BRAZIL?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-36
Author(s):  
LADISLAU DOWBOR
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

Under Lula and Dilma, during the 2003-2013 decade that the World Bank called “the Golden Decade of Brazil”, we had simultaneously economic growth, social inclusion, environment protection and job expansion. With no deficit and very low inflation, and all despite the turbulence of the 2008 crisis. The onslaught on the inclusive policies started in 2014, Dilma was ousted through a thinly disguised coup in 2016, ex-president Lula was jailed for the time of the 2018 election, won by Jair Bolsonaro. Since the old oligarchies and corporate interests took over, the economy is stalled, unemployment has doubled, the Amazon is being cut down, child mortality is growing. The pandemic deepened an already general economic and social crisis. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of what went wrong, centering not on the pandemic itself, but on the deeper structural change that reversed the inclusive growth model of the popular governments. This involves the economy, but also technological, social and political change. The overall thesis is that inclusive development works, austerity does not.

scholarly journals Effect of Economic Complexity on Services Export Diversification: Do Foreign Direct Investment Inflows Matter?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sèna Kimm GNANGNON
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
Complex Products ◽  
Economic Complexity ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Goods Market ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment Inflows

Abstract This article has examined the effect of economic complexity on services export diversification. It has built on two arguments. The first one draws from Eichengreen and Gupta (2013b) and states that countries that export complex products would have a high penetration in the international goods market, and establish a network that could be exploited to expand their range of services export items. Second, by inducing higher inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI), greater economic complexity could contribute to fostering services export diversification. The empirical analysis supported these two arguments. The implications of the outcomes are discussed in the conclusion.

scholarly journals Export Diversification and the Structural Dynamics in the Growth Process: The Case of Pakistan

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (4II) ◽  
pp. 573-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Akbar ◽  
Zareen F. Naqvi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Primary Products ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Aggregate Growth ◽  
Manufactured Exports

In the present paper we have tried to examine Pakistan’s experience with exports and growth by constructing several measures of diversification and structural change in Pakistan’s exports from a dis-aggregated data over a period of 27 years (1972-73 to 1997-98). Then using these measures we have tested a number of relationships among the structure of exports, export growth, aggregate growth, and world growth. By looking at the evolution and structural change of exports by sectors over the long run, we find a number of interesting results. First, the degree of export diversification increased sharply from 1979 and continued till 1985. After 1985, and with the return of the democracy in the country. There was a marked reduction in the export diversification and it went back to pre-1979 level. Secondly, a crude association of ‘traditionality’ with primary products and ‘non-traditionality’ with manufactured exports fails to represent Pakistan’s experience. As Pakistan emerged from an import substitution period into a period of structural change and free trade, its true comparative advantage was more visibly expressed, thus some manufactured exports declined while some primary products grew. Third, the shortrun dynamics of diversification and structural change show a marked pattern. Most change in the composition of exports has taken place during periods of boom in the domestic economy but when the world economy was experiencing a relatively recessionary period.

scholarly journals GENERALIZED ANALYSIS OF APPROACHES TO DIVERSIFICATION OF EXPORT ACTIVITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1(86)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fato Sharoian
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
Enterprise Growth ◽  
Export Activity ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Generalized Matrix ◽  
Enterprise Transformation

The problem of existence of different approaches to diversification of export activity in the conditions of actualization of formation of strategy of diversification of the enterprises in the international markets taking into account modern tendencies and conditions of doing business is investigated. The most common approaches to the formation of diversification of export activities of enterprises are identified. The analysis of different approaches to diversification of export activity and their generalization in the form of the generalized matrix of diversification which is resulted in article is carried out. The peculiarities of the application of types of export diversification for enterprises of different stages of the life cycle, size and type of market are singled out. A number of factors in choosing the type of export activity for the company: the goals of the company, market type and its features, stage of the life cycle of the company, the size and capabilities of the company, variables that characterize the diversification strategy and many other factors and features. The most common reasons for choosing diversified growth as a method and form of enterprise growth are described. The main strategic alternatives to diversification according to A. Thompson and J. Strickland are identified, which include: acquisition of new companies and creation of alliances; exclusion of subdivisions of the corporation; restructuring of the business portfolio of the enterprise; transformation into a multinational diversified corporation. The choice of the most successful approach to export diversification depends primarily on the goals of the enterprise and the market conditions in which the enterprise operates. Next, it is important to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the company in the market to determine areas of development and, accordingly, the type of export diversification. This article presents and analyzes the most well-known and practical approaches to diversification of export activities. As a result, a diversification matrix has been developed to determine the type and direction of enterprise diversification depending on certain conditions.

scholarly journals Patterns of Export Diversification: Evidence from Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (Special Edition) ◽  
pp. 307-326
Author(s):  
Hamna Ahmed ◽  
Naved Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Export Growth ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
Product Concentration ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Export Sector ◽  
Export Industries

This paper examines historical trends in the diversification of exports in Pakistan, using the Hirschman index to quantify the degree of export diversification. We analyze the structure of exports through the lens of ‘traditionality,’ for which we construct industry-specific, average cumulative export experience functions, i.e., a traditionality index of all 2-digit export industries in Pakistan from 1972 to 2012. This is useful in distinguishing between traditional and nontraditional export industries. We also study the degree of structural change in the export sector since 1972 by recalculating the traditionality index based on five-year interval periods. The cross-industry variance of this index is then used to calculate the structural change index. Periods for which the index values are low are interpreted as periods during which the export industries experienced uniform patterns of export growth (and thereby no structural change). Periods for which the index values are high are interpreted as periods during which the export industries experienced varied patterns of growth, thus undergoing structural change. Finally, we explore the determinants of structural change in exports by looking at variables such as GDP growth, export growth, the real exchange rate, the growth rate of world trade, trade liberalization, and the degree of product concentration in the country’s export base.

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