The Procurement of a COVID-19 Vaccine in Developing Countries: Lessons from the 2009-H1N1 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Eccleston-Turner ◽  
Harry Upton
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
H1n1 Pandemic ◽  
2009 H1n1

Tobacco smoking and influenza (review)

MedAlliance ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-92
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
H1n1 Pandemic ◽  
Influenza Epidemic ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
2009 H1n1 ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Pandemic Flu

The review analyzed data on the risks of influenza infection and severe course in tobacco smokers compared with non-smokers. The incidence of influenza in the Russian Federation in 2018 amounted to 26.33 per 100 000 people, and was 24% lower than the incidence in 2017 (34.86 per 100 000) due to the fact that in recent years the coverage of the population with preventive vaccinations has been significantly increased against the flu. Meta-analyzes shows that current smokers are more likely to get the flu than non-smokers. It is noted that smoking may increase the risk of hospitalization in smokers (OR 1.32–2.18 in various meta-analyzes) and former smokers after infection with the influenza virus. Tobacco has been found to increase the risk of death from influenza among older people. At the same time, there is a study of risk factors for severe outcomes in patients hospitalized with the 2009 H1N1 pandemic flu, in which smoking was not a risk factor for severe outcomes. During the influenza epidemic, smokers and former smokers should be given the flu shot and be informed of the risk of hospitalization, and they are also strongly advised to stop smoking.

scholarly journals Improving Pandemic Response: A Sensemaking Perspective on the Spring 2009 H1N1 Pandemic

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann C. Keller ◽  
Chris K. Ansell ◽  
Arthur L. Reingold ◽  
Mathilde Bourrier ◽  
Mark D. Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
H1n1 Pandemic ◽  
2009 H1n1 ◽  
Pandemic Response

scholarly journals Excess influenza hospital admissions and costs due to the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in England

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystal Lau ◽  
Katharina Hauck ◽  
Marisa Miraldo
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
H1n1 Pandemic ◽  
2009 H1n1

scholarly journals Complications Among Adults Hospitalized With Influenza: A Comparison of Seasonal Influenza and the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Reed ◽  
Sandra S. Chaves ◽  
Alejandro Perez ◽  
Tiffany D'Mello ◽  
Pamala Daily Kirley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
H1n1 Pandemic ◽  
2009 H1n1

Learning About After Action Reporting From the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 420-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Stoto ◽  
Christopher Nelson ◽  
Melissa A. Higdon ◽  
John Kraemer ◽  
Christa-Marie Singleton
Keyword(s):  
H1n1 Pandemic ◽  
2009 H1n1

scholarly journals Evolution and rapid spread of a reassortant A(H3N2) virus that predominated the 2017–2018 influenza season

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barney I Potter ◽  
Rebecca Kondor ◽  
James Hadfield ◽  
John Huddleston ◽  
John Barnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
H1n1 Pandemic ◽  
Reassortment Event ◽  
Antigenic Analysis ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
2009 H1n1

Abstract The 2017–2018 North American influenza season caused more hospitalizations and deaths than any year since the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. The majority of recorded influenza infections were caused by A(H3N2) viruses, with most of the virus’s North American diversity falling into the A2 clade. Within A2, we observe a subclade which we call A2/re that rose to comprise almost 70 per cent of A(H3N2) viruses circulating in North America by early 2018. Unlike most fast-growing clades, however, A2/re contains no amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin (HA) segment. Moreover, hemagglutination inhibition assays did not suggest substantial antigenic differences between A2/re viruses and viruses sampled during the 2016–2017 season. Rather, we observe that the A2/re clade was the result of a reassortment event that occurred in late 2016 or early 2017 and involved the combination of the HA and PB1 segments of an A2 virus with neuraminidase (NA) and other segments a virus from the clade A1b. The success of this clade shows the need for antigenic analysis that targets NA in addition to HA. Our results illustrate the potential for non-HA drivers of viral success and necessitate the need for more thorough tracking of full viral genomes to better understand the dynamics of influenza epidemics.

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