scholarly journals District Reliance by Service Function: A Study of Public Financing of American Special Districts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
HyungGun Park ◽  
Yu Shi
Keyword(s):  
Public Financing ◽  
Service Function ◽  
Special Districts

scholarly journals District Reliance by Service Function: A Study of Public Financing of American Special Districts

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-28
Author(s):  
HyungGun Park ◽  
Yu Shi
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Service Function ◽  
Special Districts ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
Financing Mode ◽  
Revenue Sources ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Special District

Over the past several decades, special districts have proliferated and become the most rapidly growing type of local governments in the U.S. This study provides an exploratory investigation of special district finance reliance from two aspects, including expenditure reliance of general–purpose governments on special districts’ service delivery and financing mode of special districts. Using financial data collected from the Bureau of Census, this study provides detailed descriptive analyses on temporal trends and geographical patterns of expenditure reliance and revenue financing mode for four service functions. From the perspective of expenditure reliance, this study shows that special districts have replaced the role of general–purpose governments. In terms of revenue modes, special districts tend to rely on user fees, equating payers and beneficiaries of services. Moreover, this study shows that on which revenue sources the districts rely the most vary by service function and geography.

Can Crowdfunding Come to the Rescue of Culture and Arts? Evidence from Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Mina Fanea-Ivanovici
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Public Financing ◽  
Artistic Creation ◽  
Cultural Activities ◽  
Convenient Tool ◽  
Cost Disease ◽  
Artistic Activity ◽  
To Receive

Financing culture and arts is a difficult task to achieve, especially due to the fact that the revenues ob-tained from such activities may not be enough to cover the costs. This has been claimed to be true for certain cultural activities or events, such as concerts, and is named Baumol’s cost disease. Although other forms of cultural and artistic activity can entirely rely upon the revenues earned, many types of artistic creation depend on public financing or sponsorship. With the advent and democratisation of Internet-based technologies, crowdfunding has become a convenient tool to raise funds in order to fi-nance cultural activities. The aim of this paper is to investigate to what extent cultural and artistic pro-jects are likely to receive financing through crowdfunding. The study is based on the main Romanian crowdfunding platforms and analyses the success rate of crowdfunding projects in culture and arts.

scholarly journals Don’t interrupt me when you reconfigure my Service Function Chains

2021 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Adrien Gausseran ◽  
Andrea Tomassilli ◽  
Frederic Giroire ◽  
Joanna Moulierac
Keyword(s):  
Service Function
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