Effects of Low-Level Artificial Light at Night on Interactions and Related Biology of the House Cricket (Acheta domesticus) and Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan Crump ◽  
Cassandra Brown ◽  
Robert Nolan-Griffin ◽  
Lisa Angeloni ◽  
Nathan Lemoine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Low Level

scholarly journals Effects of Low-Level Artificial Light at Night on Kentucky Bluegrass and an Introduced Herbivore

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan C. Crump ◽  
Cassandra Brown ◽  
Robert J. Griffin-Nolan ◽  
Lisa Angeloni ◽  
Nathan P. Lemoine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Low Levels

Increasing evidence suggests that artificial light at night (ALAN) can negatively impact organisms. However, most studies examine the impacts of ALAN on a single species or under high levels of artificial light that are infrequent or unrealistic in urban environments. We currently have little information on how low levels of artificial light emanating from urban skyglow affect plants and their interactions with herbivores. We examined how short-term, low levels of ALAN affect grass and insects, including growth rate, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance in grass, and foraging behavior and survival in crickets. We compared growth and leaf-level gas exchange of Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis) under low-levels of ALAN (0.3 lux) and starlight conditions (0.001 lux). Furthermore, each light treatment was divided into treatments with and without house crickets (Acheta domesticus). Without crickets present, bluegrass grown under ALAN for three weeks grew taller than plants grown under natural night light levels. In the fourth week when crickets were introduced, grass height decreased resulting in no measurable effects of light treatment. There were no measurable differences in grass physiology among treatments. Our results indicate that low levels of light resulting from skyglow affect plant growth initially. However, with herbivory, the effects of ALAN on grass may be inconsequential. Gaining an understanding of how ALAN affects plant-insect interactions is critical to predicting the ecological and evolutionary consequences of anthropogenic light pollution.

scholarly journals A pigment composition analysis reveals community changes in pre-established stream periphyton under low-level artificial light at night

Limnologica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Grubisic ◽  
Gabriel Singer ◽  
M. Cristina Bruno ◽  
Roy H.A. van Grunsven ◽  
Alessandro Manfrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Pigment Composition ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Stream Periphyton ◽  
Community Changes

INFLUENCE OF DIETARY COPPER AND ZINC ON GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF THE HOUSE CRICKET (ORTHOPTERA: GRYLLIDAE)

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Dietary Copper ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Growth Requirements ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

AbstractThe addition of copper to an artificial diet greatly improves growth of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L.). Adding zinc improves growth in the presence of added copper, but not in its absence, indicating an interaction between the two trace elements. Reproduction is always ’normal’ with added copper in the diet. Zinc added at a low level will support ’normal’ reproduction, but not at high levels. Survival is poor without added copper in the diet. It is suggested that the minimum growth requirements for zinc and copper are a total of 23 μg/g diet and 14 μg/g diet respectively.

Electron investigations of rhabdovirus-like particles in mexican bean beetles and crickets

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-379
Author(s):  
J. R. Adams ◽  
G. J Tompkins ◽  
A. M. Heimpel ◽  
E. Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Epilachna Varivestis ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Similar Morphology ◽  
Bean Beetle

As part of a continual search for potential pathogens of insects for use in biological control or on an integrated pest management program, two bacilliform virus-like particles (VLP) of similar morphology have been found in the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis Mulsant and the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L. ).Tissues of diseased larvae and adults of E. varivestis and all developmental stages of A. domesticus were fixed according to procedures previously described. While the bean beetles displayed no external symptoms, the diseased crickets displayed a twitching and shaking of the metathoracic legs and a lowered rate of activity.Examinations of larvae and adult Mexican bean beetles collected in the field in 1976 and 1977 in Maryland and field collected specimens brought into the lab in the fall and reared through several generations revealed that specimens from each collection contained vesicles in the cytoplasm of the midgut filled with hundreds of these VLP's which were enveloped and measured approximately 16-25 nm x 55-110 nm, the shorter VLP's generally having the greater width (Fig. 1).

The physical environment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip James
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
High Noise ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Diversity Of Life

Elements of the physical aspects of urban environments determine which micro-organisms, plants, and animals live in urban environments. In this chapter, climate, air, water, soil, noise, and light are discussed. Urban environments are affected by the climate of the region in which they are located, and in turn and create their own, distinctive urban climate. Air, water, and soil are all affected by urbanization. Pollution of these elements is common. High noise levels and artificial light at night (ALAN—a new phenomenon) are both strongly associated with urban environments. Details of both are discussed. The discussion in this chapter provides a foundation for further exploration of the diversity of life in urban environments and for later exploration of how organisms adapt to urban living, which will be discussed in Parts II and III.

scholarly journals Outdoor artificial light at night: A forgotten factor in green space and health research

2021 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 111012
Author(s):  
Jessica Stanhope ◽  
Craig Liddicoat ◽  
Philip Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
Health Research ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Light At Night
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