Remaking the Commons: How Digital Tools Facilitate and Subvert the Common Good

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
The Commons ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals THE IDEALISM OF DIALOGUE AND THE ECONOMY OF THE COMMONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-27
Author(s):  
Fernando Suárez Müller ◽  
Christian Felber
Keyword(s):  
Economic Model ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Cooperative Action ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
The Commons ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

This paper explores the possibility of an economic system different from both capitalism and communism, that is based on the major ethical values that constitute the principles of human dialogue, the so-called Idealism of Dialogue. This implies an economic model based on cooperativism. An economy modelled in this way envisions the Common Good of society. This is more than the sum of the interests of individuals and it can be measured by looking at the intended impact on society of actions taken by organizations. If the impact of these organizations is oriented towards cooperative action they can be characterized as developing the Common Good. If they block cooperative action they can be seen to be serving private interests. This paper shows how a group of Austrian entrepreneurs has started a network of enterprises that functions both as a kind of cooperative and as a non-governmental organization (Gemeinwohl-Ökonomie). They promote the ideals of Greek oỉkonomía and at the same time consider their own efforts to be the accomplishment of the main principles of Enlightenment which are liberty, equality and fraternity. 

scholarly journals Inclusive groups can avoid the tragedy of the commons

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arend Hintze ◽  
Jochen Staudacher ◽  
Katja Gelhar ◽  
Alexander Pothmann ◽  
Juliana Rasch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Tragedy Of The Commons ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Costly Punishment ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThe public goods game is a famous example illustrating the tragedy of the commons (Hardin in Science 162:1243–1248, 1968). In this game cooperating individuals contribute to a pool, which in turn is distributed to all members of the group, including defectors who reap the same rewards as cooperators without having made a contribution before. The question is now, how to incentivize group members to all cooperate as it maximizes the common good. While costly punishment (Helbing et al. in New J Phys 12:083005, 2010) presents one such method, the cost of punishment still reduces the common good. The selfishness of the group members favors defectors. Here we show that including other members of the groups and sharing rewards with them can be another incentive for cooperation, avoiding the cost required for punishment. Further, we show how punishment and this form of inclusiveness interact. This work suggests that a redistribution similar to a basic income that is coupled to the economic success of the entire group could overcome the tragedy of the commons.

scholarly journals In Defense of the Commons: Young Children Negatively Evaluate and Sanction Free Riders

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1598-1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
You-Jung Choi ◽  
Antonia Misch ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Yarrow Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Normative Expectation ◽  
Free Riders ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
The Commons ◽  
The Common

Human flourishing depends on individuals paying costs to contribute to the common good, but such arrangements are vulnerable to free riding, in which individuals benefit from others’ contributions without paying costs themselves. Systems of tracking and sanctioning free riders can stabilize cooperation, but the origin of such tendencies is not well understood. Here, we provide evidence that children as young as 4 years old negatively evaluate and sanction free riders. Across six studies, we showed that these tendencies are robust, large in magnitude, tuned to intentional rather than unintentional noncontribution, and generally consistent across third- and first-party cases. Further, these effects cannot be accounted for by factors that frequently co-occur with free riding, such as nonconforming behaviors or the costs that free riding imposes on the group. Our findings demonstrate that from early in life, children both hold and enforce a normative expectation that individuals are intrinsically obligated to contribute to the common good.

scholarly journals The Commons, the Common Good and Extraterritoriality: Seeking Sustainable Global Justice through Corporate Responsibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9475
Author(s):  
Shuangge Wen ◽  
Jingchen Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Corporate Responsibility ◽  
Global Justice ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
The Commons ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

Despite their laudable intent, extraterritorial legal initiatives to promote corporate sustainability development have not been well received in practice, and are often seen as a window-dressing exercise. This article aims to conduct a conceptual and doctrinal analysis, offering a theoretical foundation that interprets corporate extraterritorial legislative attempts as legitimate in the context of globalisation, using the lens of “the commons” and “the common good”. We try to link the values and dimensions of “the commons” to the goals of corporate extraterritorial legislation, so that lawmaking attempts with extraterritorial reach will gain additional foundational support and achieve more effective and better controlled compliance. In particular, the article makes an original attempt to justify and develop a new notion, namely “the extraterritorial commons”. This notion is in harmony with, rather than contradicting, progressive legal attempts to address the mismatching and conflicting nature of the relationship between the traditional voluntarism of corporate extraterritorial responsibilities, particularly in relation to sustainability issues, and global trends towards more regulation in this area.

Reestablishing the Commons for the Common Good

Daedalus ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Small Community ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
The Commons ◽  
The Common ◽  
American Society ◽  
Contemporary American Society

For individuals living in a small community, the notion of “common good” seems almost natural; it can be thought of simply as neighborly morality. However, in a complex modern society, it is far more challenging for individuals to define and agree upon what is the common good. Nonetheless, two contemporary roles would benefit from embracing a broader sense of the good: 1) membership in a profession; and 2) membership in a polity. Drawing on findings from the GoodWork Project, I describe how the common good can become a guiding value in the professional and civic realms; discuss threats to such guiding values; and suggest some ways to promote the common good in contemporary American society.

scholarly journals In defense of the commons: Young children negatively evaluate and sanction free-riders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
You-jung Choi ◽  
Antonia Misch ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Yarrow Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Normative Expectation ◽  
Free Riders ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
The Commons ◽  
The Common

Human flourishing depends on individuals paying costs to contribute to common goods, but such arrangements are vulnerable to “free-riding”, in which individuals benefit from others’ contributions without paying costs themselves. Systems of tracking and sanctioning free-riders can stabilize cooperation, but the origin of such tendencies is not well understood. Here, we provide evidence that children as young as four negatively evaluate and sanction free-riders. Across six studies we show that these tendencies are robust, large in magnitude, tuned to intentional rather than unintentional non-contribution, and generally consistent across third- and first-party cases. Further, these effects cannot be accounted for by factors that frequently co-occur with free-riding, such as the costs that free-riding imposes on the group or that free-riding is often non-conformity. Our findings demonstrate that from early in life children both hold and enforce a normative expectation that individuals are intrinsically obligated to contribute to the common good.

scholarly journals Commons Organizing: Embedding Common Good and Institutions for Collective Action. Insights from Ethics and Economics

2020 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Albareda ◽  
Alejo Jose G. Sison
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Common Good ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Distribution Management ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Ethics And Economics ◽  
The Commons ◽  
The Common ◽  
New Commons

Abstract In recent years, business ethics and economic scholars have been paying greater attention to the development of commons organizing. The latter refers to the processes by which communities of people work in common in the pursuit of the common good. In turn, this promotes commons organizational designs based on collective forms of common goods production, distribution, management and ownership. In this paper, we build on two main literature streams: (1) the ethical approach based on the theory of the common good of the firm in virtue ethics and (2) the economic approach based on the theory of institutions for collective action developed by Ostrom’s research on common-pool resources to avert the tragedy of the commons. The latter expands to include the novel concepts of new commons, “commoning” and polycentric governance. Drawing on the analysis of what is new in these forms of organizing, we propose a comprehensive model, highlighting the integration of two sets of organizing principles—common good and collective action – and five problem-solving processes to explain the main dimensions of commons organizing. We contribute to business ethics literature by exploring the convergence between the ethical and economic approaches in the development of a commons organizing view.

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