Partial Completion as a Nonprofit Strategy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Can Zhang ◽  
Atalay Atasu ◽  
Karthik Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Partial Completion

Partial Completion as a Nonprofit Strategy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Can Zhang ◽  
Atalay Atasu ◽  
Karthik Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Product Service ◽  
Service Portfolio ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Partial Completion ◽  
Innovative Solution ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Level 3

Problem definition: Faced with the challenge of serving beneficiaries with heterogeneous needs and under budget constraints, some nonprofit organizations (NPOs) have adopted an innovative solution: providing partially complete products or services to beneficiaries. We seek to understand what drives an NPO’s choice of partial completion as a design strategy and how it interacts with the level of variety offered in the NPO’s product or service portfolio. Academic/practical relevance: Although partial product or service provision has been observed in the nonprofit operations, there is limited understanding of when it is an appropriate strategy—a void that we seek to fill in this paper. Methodology: We synthesize the practices of two NPOs operating in different contexts to develop a stylized analytical model to study an NPO’s product/service completion and variety choices. Results: We identify when and to what extent partial completion is optimal for an NPO. We also characterize a budget allocation structure for an NPO between product/service variety and completion. Our analysis sheds light on how beneficiary characteristics (e.g., heterogeneity of their needs, capability to self-complete) and NPO objectives (e.g., total-benefit maximization versus fairness) affect the optimal levels of variety and completion. Managerial implications: We provide three key observations. (1) Partial completion is not a compromise solution to budget limitations but can be an optimal strategy for NPOs under a wide range of circumstances, even in the presence of ample resources. (2) Partial provision is particularly valuable when beneficiary needs are highly heterogeneous, or beneficiaries have high self-completion capabilities. A higher self-completion capability generally implies a lower optimal completion level; however, it may lead to either a higher or a lower optimal variety level. (3) Although providing incomplete products may appear to burden beneficiaries, a lower completion level can be optimal when fairness is factored into an NPO’s objective or when beneficiary capabilities are more heterogeneous.

scholarly journals Real-world presentation with heart failure in primary care: do patients selected to follow diagnostic and management guidelines have better outcomes?

Open Heart ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. e000935
Author(s):  
Alex Bottle ◽  
Dani Kim ◽  
Paul P Aylin ◽  
F Azeem Majeed ◽  
Martin R Cowie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Clinical Practice Research Datalink ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Specialist Referral ◽  
Partial Completion ◽  
General Practices ◽  
Using Data

ObjectiveTo describe associations between initial management of people presenting with heart failure (HF) symptoms in primary care, including compliance with the recommendations of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), and subsequent unplanned hospitalisation for HF and death.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study using data from general practices submitting records to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. The cohort comprised patients diagnosed with HF during 2010–2013 and presenting to their general practitioners with breathlessness, fatigue or ankle swelling.Results13 897 patients were included in the study. Within the first 6 months, only 7% had completed the NICE-recommended pathway; another 18.6% had followed part of it (B-type natriuretic peptide testing and/or echocardiography, or specialist referral). Significant differences in hazards were seen in unadjusted analysis in favour of full or partial completion of the NICE-recommended pathway. Covariate adjustment attenuated the relations with death much more than those for HF admission. Compared with patients placed on the NICE pathway, treatment with HF medications had an HR of 1.16 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.28, p=0.003) for HF admission and 1.03 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.17, p= 0.674) for death. Patients who partially followed the NICE pathway had similar hazards to those who completed it. Patients on no pathway had the highest hazard for HF admission at 1.30 (95% 1.18 to 1.43, p<0.001) but similar hazard for death.ConclusionsPatients not put on at least some elements of the NICE-recommended pathway had significantly higher risk of HF admission but non-significant higher risk of death than other patients had.

Das Vollzugsverbot in der EU-Fusionskontrolle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Grüner
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Law Firms ◽  
Similar Form ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Business Economics ◽  
Merger Regulation ◽  
Partial Completion ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
The Eu

Under its Article 7, concentrations that fall within the scope of the EU Merger Regulation (EUMR) may only be completed once approval has been granted by the European Commission. This standstill obligation, which also exists in a similar form in many national jurisdictions, has for decades been a source of some uncertainty for M&A practitioners. After examining the foundations of the standstill obligation in competition law, business economics and EU primary law, the author goes on to develop a systematically and teleologically coherent concept for its scope of application and substantive reach, paying special attention to the issue of partial completion. The book takes into consideration the rulings recently handed down by the European Commission and the EU courts in Marine Harvest (Mowi), Altice, Ernst & Young, and Canon and is therefore currently the most up-to-date and comprehensive monograph on the standstill obligation under the EUMR. Because it takes a systematic look at all the relevant rulings to date, the article is also, and especially, intended for practitioners in public authorities and courts, law firms and consultancy firms.

Construct shift of trainee teachers in English language after practicum experience

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 607-614
Author(s):  
Yonca Ozkan
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Course Delivery ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Personal Constructs ◽  
Trainee Teachers ◽  
Teaching Language ◽  
Smooth Flow ◽  
Partial Completion ◽  
Practicum Experience

English language students were questioned and asked to comment via a weblog in order to observe any shift in constructs following practicum in schools. Participants observed each other presenting in a course, Teaching Language Skills, focusing on points of preference. Participants entered their comments on presentations onto a weblog. Eight months later, upon beginning and partial completion of practicum at schools, participants were interviewed regarding priorities established as they observed mentors in classes. The 2 series of data were compared and a significant shift in personal constructs was found, in that while the main focus was on variety of activities during prepracticum, by the time of the postpracticum, priority had shifted in favor of smooth flow of course delivery by the teacher.

scholarly journals An exploratory investigation on conflicts between physicians and nurses: Types, causes, and asymmetry

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Byungjoo Lee ◽  
MyungUn Kim
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Role Behavior ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Relationship Conflicts ◽  
Partial Completion ◽  
Conflict Types ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

This study investigated on the conflict types, causes, and asymmetry, which can be witnessed between physicians and nurses who are the essential members of the hospital. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews of physicians and nurses who worked within the same department. The results of this exploratory research illustrated significant indications of task conflicts, relationship conflicts, and process conflicts, in accordance with Jehn’s(1997) study, among the two professions. Furthermore, there were some conflicts related to the typical in-role behavior caused by factors such as misperformance due to the lack of knowledge/skill and the partial completion or nonexecution of order along both occupations. Additionally, indications of conflict type asymmetry between physicians and nurses resulting from the differences of power and perception, and asymmetry on conflict causes even when experiencing the same type of conflict existed. The implications and the limitations of this study with invitation of suggestions to remedy such conflicts are discussed.

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