Oral SARS-CoV-2 Inoculation Establishes Subclinical Respiratory Infection with Virus Shedding in Golden Syrian Hamsters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Chak-Yiu Lee ◽  
Anna Jinxia Zhang ◽  
Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan ◽  
Can Li ◽  
Zhimeng Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Syrian Hamsters

scholarly journals Oral SARS-CoV-2 Inoculation Establishes Subclinical Respiratory Infection with Virus Shedding in Golden Syrian Hamsters

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 100121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Chak-Yiu Lee ◽  
Anna Jinxia Zhang ◽  
Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan ◽  
Can Li ◽  
Zhimeng Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Syrian Hamsters

scholarly journals MVA vector expression of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and protection of adult Syrian hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 challenge

npj Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clement A. Meseda ◽  
Charles B. Stauft ◽  
Prabhuanand Selvaraj ◽  
Christopher Z. Lien ◽  
Cyntia Pedro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Syrian Hamsters ◽  
Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara ◽  
Dose Ranging ◽  
Subcutaneous Immunization

AbstractNumerous vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, are under development. The majority of vaccine candidates to date are designed to induce immune responses against the viral spike (S) protein, although different forms of S antigen have been incorporated. To evaluate the yield and immunogenicity of different forms of S, we constructed modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vectors expressing full-length S (MVA-S), the RBD, and soluble S ectodomain and tested their immunogenicity in dose-ranging studies in mice. All three MVA vectors induced spike-specific immunoglobulin G after one subcutaneous immunization and serum titers were boosted following a second immunization. The MVA-S and MVA-ssM elicited the strongest neutralizing antibody responses. In assessing protective efficacy, MVA-S-immunized adult Syrian hamsters were challenged with SARS-CoV-2 (USA/WA1/2020). MVA-S-vaccinated hamsters exhibited less severe manifestations of atypical pneumocyte hyperplasia, hemorrhage, vasculitis, and especially consolidation, compared to control animals. They also displayed significant reductions in gross pathology scores and weight loss, and a moderate reduction in virus shedding was observed post challenge in nasal washes. There was evidence of reduced viral replication by in situ hybridization, although the reduction in viral RNA levels in lungs and nasal turbinates did not reach significance. Taken together, the data indicate that immunization with two doses of an MVA vector expressing SARS-CoV-2 S provides protection against a stringent SARS-CoV-2 challenge of adult Syrian hamsters, reaffirm the utility of this animal model for evaluating candidate SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and demonstrate the value of an MVA platform in facilitating vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 VOC 202012/01 (UK variant) and D614G variant transmission by different routes in Syrian hamsters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreelekshmy Mohandas ◽  
Pragya Yadav ◽  
Dimpal Nyayanit ◽  
Anita Shete-Aich ◽  
Prasad Sarkale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Nasal Wash ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Syrian Hamsters ◽  
The Uk

Many SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern has been reported recently which were linked to increased transmission. In our earlier study on virus shedding using VOC 202012/01(UK variant) and D614G variant in hamster model, we observed significantly higher viral RNA shedding through nasal wash in case of UK variant. Hence we compared the transmission of both the UK and D614G variant by various routes in Syrian hamsters to understand whether the high viral RNA shedding could enhance the transmission efficiency of the variant. The current study demonstrated comparable transmission efficiency of both UK and D614G variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian hamsters.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 disease severity and transmission efficiency is increased for airborne compared to fomite exposure in Syrian hamsters

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia R. Port ◽  
Claude Kwe Yinda ◽  
Irene Offei Owusu ◽  
Myndi Holbrook ◽  
Robert Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Airborne Transmission ◽  
Disease Manifestation ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Syrian Hamsters ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Distinct Disease ◽  
Respiratory Pathology

AbstractTransmission of SARS-CoV-2 is driven by contact, fomite, and airborne transmission. The relative contribution of different transmission routes remains subject to debate. Here, we show Syrian hamsters are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection through intranasal, aerosol and fomite exposure. Different routes of exposure present with distinct disease manifestations. Intranasal and aerosol inoculation causes severe respiratory pathology, higher virus loads and increased weight loss. In contrast, fomite exposure leads to milder disease manifestation characterized by an anti-inflammatory immune state and delayed shedding pattern. Whereas the overall magnitude of respiratory virus shedding is not linked to disease severity, the onset of shedding is. Early shedding is linked to an increase in disease severity. Airborne transmission is more efficient than fomite transmission and dependent on the direction of the airflow. Carefully characterized SARS-CoV-2 transmission models will be crucial to assess potential changes in transmission and pathogenic potential in the light of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 evolution.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 disease severity and transmission efficiency is increased for airborne but not fomite exposure in Syrian hamsters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia R. Port ◽  
Claude Kwe Yinda ◽  
Irene Offei Owusu ◽  
Myndi Holbrook ◽  
Robert Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Airborne Transmission ◽  
Disease Manifestation ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Syrian Hamsters ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Distinct Disease ◽  
Respiratory Pathology

AbstractTransmission of SARS-CoV-2 is driven by contact, fomite, and airborne transmission. The relative contribution of different transmission routes remains subject to debate. Here, we show Syrian hamsters are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection through intranasal, aerosol and fomite exposure. Different routes of exposure presented with distinct disease manifestations. Intranasal and aerosol inoculation caused more severe respiratory pathology, higher virus loads and increased weight loss. Fomite exposure led to milder disease manifestation characterized by an anti-inflammatory immune state and delayed shedding pattern. Whereas the overall magnitude of respiratory virus shedding was not linked to disease severity, the onset of shedding was. Early shedding was linked to an increase in disease severity. Airborne transmission was more efficient than fomite transmission and dependent on the direction of the airflow. Carefully characterized of SARS-CoV-2 transmission models will be crucial to assess potential changes in transmission and pathogenic potential in the light of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 evolution.

Diagnosis of Atypical Pathogens in Patients Hospitalized with Community-acquired Respiratory Infection

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Schneeberger ◽  
J. Wendeline Dorigo-zetsma ◽  
Anneke van der Zee ◽  
Marion van Bon ◽  
Jean-louis van Opstal
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Atypical Pathogens

Promoting respiratory infection control practices in primary care: Primary care/public health collaboration

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Hogg ◽  
Patricia Houston ◽  
Carmel Martin ◽  
Raphael Saginur ◽  
Adriana Newbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Respiratory Infection

H1N1 Virus Shedding Can Last Beyond 1 Week

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (17) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
MITCHEL L. ZOLER
Keyword(s):  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Virus Shedding
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