The Role of Antitrust Law in Protecting and Fostering Online Platform Competition

US antitrust law has long influenced all who deal with competition law—sometimes as a model, sometimes as a source of experience and insights, and sometimes as a surrogate for an “international standard.” It also has great practical importance in international business. This chapter provides information and insights necessary for understanding its roles and engaging with its rules and procedures. The chapter explains its institutional structures, basic principles of substantive law, and the central role of economic analysis in deciding cases. In particular, it throws light on the unique way in which judicial decisions (case law) guide decisions in all institutions and on the central significance of the categories of “rule of reason” and “per se treatment.” It also provides insights into the dynamics of the regime—the factors that drive antitrust decisions. It also sketches the ways in which it exercises influence on other competition law regimes.

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The Evolution ofAntitrust Law in USA

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2017.v13n4p154 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 154

Author(s):

Jonida Lamaj

Keyword(s):

Competition Law ◽

Antitrust Law ◽

Department Of Justice ◽

Economic Rights ◽

Law System ◽

Sherman Act ◽

History Of ◽

The Common ◽

Main Components

This Article analyzes the evolution of Antitrust Law (known as Competition Law in Europe) in United States of America. It is important to study the history of Antitrust Law in USA, because the roots and the origin of this important law and regulation that guarantee the economic rights and freedoms of persons and companies has started in USA, inherited from the Common Law system. This Article is composed by 4 main components, such as: Introduction of Antitrust Law, History of Sherman Act, History of Clayton Act and The enforcement of Competition Law in USA. A greater attention is given to the Sherman Antitrust Act. To better understand the Sherman Act, it is described the history path of the legalization of the act, reason why this act was implemented in USA, which were some challenges of the system at that time, how it is enforced, etc.? The same analogy is done with the Clayton Act and other amendments of Antitrust Acts. At the end of the paper it is introduced the main tools that helps to function the Antitrust law in USA, by analyzing the role of Department of Justice Antitrust Division, the Federal Trade Commission and Exemptions and Immunities.

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Boundedly Rational Entrepreneurs and Antitrust

The Antitrust Bulletin ◽

10.1177/0003603x16673948 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 520-540

Author(s):

Avishalom Tor

Keyword(s):

Entrepreneurial Activity ◽

Antitrust Law ◽

Risk Seeking ◽

New Business ◽

Behavioral Phenomena ◽

Post Entry ◽

Behavioral Perspective ◽

Do So

This article examines entrepreneurial activity and its implication for policy and antitrust law from a behavioral perspective. In particular, the analysis here focuses on the role of two sets of behavioral phenomena—overconfident beliefs and risk-seeking preferences—in facilitating boundedly rational entrepreneurship. Boundedly rational entrepreneurs may engage in entrepreneurial activity, such as the starting of new business ventures, under circumstances in which rational entrepreneurs would decline to do so. Consequently, overconfident or risk-seeking entrants compete with their more rational counterparts and create a post-entry landscape that differs markedly from the picture assumed by traditional economic accounts of entrepreneurial activity. The behaviorally informed analysis of entry sheds new light on the dynamics of competition among entrepreneurs and on its implications for policy and antitrust law.

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On the Conditional Cueing of Credibility Heuristics

Communication Research ◽

10.1177/0093650214565915 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

pp. 672-693 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Brandon Van Der Heide ◽

Young-shin Lim

Keyword(s):

Attitude Change ◽

Source Credibility ◽

Multiple Sources ◽

Online Platform ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Consumer Review ◽

Internet Users ◽

Online Consumer ◽

Online Consumer Review

When seeking information, Internet users often find multiple communicators co-presenting and expressing their opinions. This study examined how people judge message senders’ credibility in a multi-source environment based on system-generated cues, the consensus among multiple sources, and the effect of receiver’s familiarity with the online platform. Moreover, this research examined the mediating role of source credibility in attitude change in an online consumer-review community. Results indicated that users familiar with a platform were more likely to use system-generated cues for their judgment of credibility along with consensus heuristics, and the combination of heuristics influenced attitude through credibility. However, unfamiliar users relied on consensus heuristics but not system-generated cues. These findings and their theoretical implications are discussed.

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The Role of Educator in Community Especially During Pandemic: Responding to The Change of Learning Using Online Platform in Elementary School

Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dan Corporate Social Responsibility (PKM-CSR) ◽

10.37695/pkmcsr.v3i0.885 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 160-168

Author(s):

Sylvia Samuel ◽

John Tampil Purba

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

Online Platform

Disaat Pandemi COVID-19, seluruh proses kegiatan belajar mengajar mengharuskan sekolah - sekolah untuk melakukan proses pembelajaran dari rumah atau yang di kenal dengan sebutan belajar dari rumah (BDR). Proses pembelajaran daring / online mengharuskan Pendidikan anak usia dini (Paud dan Sekolah Dasar (SD) untuk beradaptasi dengan perubahan yang terjadi di lingkungan pembelajaran yaitu dengan menggunakan Platform online untuk proses belajar mengajar. Seiring dengan adanya era Industri 4.0 perlu memperkenalkan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK) kepada masyarakan dimulai dari anak usia dini, lanjut Pendidikan di Sekolah Dasar (SD). Disaat inilah kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk memperkenalkan kepada tenaga pengajar platform online atau alat bantu untuk proses mengajar selama pandemi serta mempersiapkan tenaga pengajar untuk dapat melakukan pengajaran secara kreatif dan inovatif mesikupn secara daring / online. Pelatihan ini bertujuan untuk melakukan standardisasi platform belajar mengajar yang digunakan oleh sekolah Gamaliel dan mentransfer ketrampilan penggunaan Ms. Teams dalam pengajaran. Pelatihan ini dihadiri oleh 10 orang tenaga pengajar dari Sekolah Gamaliel. Berdasarkan hasil dari evaluasi pelatihan, peserta terkesan dengan penggunaan plaform online secara mudah dalam pengajaran. Hasil dari pelatihan yaitu meningkatkan kemampuan tenaga pengajar dalam beradaptasi dan menggunakan fitur Ms. Teams. Tahap berikutnya proses belajar mengajar sesuai dengan taksonomi bloom sebagai berikut: 1) Mengerti dan menghafal; 2) Aplikasi; 3) Integrasi; 4) Manusia; dan 5) Bagaimana cara belajar

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CSI NGS Portal: An Online Platform for Automated NGS Data Analysis and Sharing

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21113828 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 3828

Author(s):

Omer An ◽

Kar-Tong Tan ◽

Ying Li ◽

Jia Li ◽

Chan-Shuo Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Final Report ◽

Online Platform ◽

Fastq Format ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Ngs Data Analysis ◽

Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽

User Friendly ◽

Ngs Data

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been a widely-used technology in biomedical research for understanding the role of molecular genetics of cells in health and disease. A variety of computational tools have been developed to analyse the vastly growing NGS data, which often require bioinformatics skills, tedious work and a significant amount of time. To facilitate data processing steps minding the gap between biologists and bioinformaticians, we developed CSI NGS Portal, an online platform which gathers established bioinformatics pipelines to provide fully automated NGS data analysis and sharing in a user-friendly website. The portal currently provides 16 standard pipelines for analysing data from DNA, RNA, smallRNA, ChIP, RIP, 4C, SHAPE, circRNA, eCLIP, Bisulfite and scRNA sequencing, and is flexible to expand with new pipelines. The users can upload raw data in FASTQ format and submit jobs in a few clicks, and the results will be self-accessible via the portal to view/download/share in real-time. The output can be readily used as the final report or as input for other tools depending on the pipeline. Overall, CSI NGS Portal helps researchers rapidly analyse their NGS data and share results with colleagues without the aid of a bioinformatician. The portal is freely available at: https://csibioinfo.nus.edu.sg/csingsportal.

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