The Impact of Sports Stadiums on Localized Commercial Activity: Evidence from a Business Improvement District

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Charles Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Sports Stadiums ◽  
Business Improvement District ◽  
The Impact

Commercial activity of the Russian shipping company “Caucasus and Mercury” in Persia in the context of public-private partnership in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (04-1) ◽  
pp. 94-108
Author(s):  
Gadilya Kornoukhova ◽  
Marina Moseykina
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Caspian Region ◽  
Private Business ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Merchant Shipping ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the activities of the joint-stock shipping company «Caucasus and Mercury» in the Persian market, reveals its place in trade and economic operations in the Caspian region as a whole. The authors aim to find out the degree of effectiveness of public-private cooperation in the development of a separate transport company, «Caucasus and Mercury», as well as the nature of the impact of this partnership on the development of commercial shipping in the Caspian Sea. The authors analyzed the processes that took place in Russian government and private business circles in the field of merchant shipping in the Caspian Sea.

scholarly journals The impact of artificial intelligence on commercial management

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-452
Author(s):  
Renato Costa ◽  
Álvaro Dias ◽  
Leandro Pereira ◽  
José Santos ◽  
André Capelo
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Business Functions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Shed Light

The essence of this research is to shed light on use and importance of artificial intelligence (AI) in commercial activity. As such, the objective of the present study is to understand the impact of AI tools on the development of business functions and if they can be affirmed as a means of help or as a substitute for these functions. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 commercial managers from technological SMEs. The results indicate that all the participants use AI systems frequently, that these tools assist in developing of their functions, allowing having more time and better preparing to solve the commercial problems. The findings also indicate that the tools used by commercials are still somewhat limited, and companies should focus on their training and development in AI, as well as the training of their commercials. Furthermore, the results show that firms intend to use the data collection and the analytical tool that enable real-time response and customization according to customer needs.

scholarly journals The impact of the diversification of revenues on NGOs’ commercialization: evidence from Poland

Equilibrium ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Mikołajczak
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Entrepreneurial Strategies ◽  
The Impact

Research background: The commercialization of non-governmental organizations through undertaking an activity based on the commercial sale of services and products is a phenomenon which raises controversy among numerous researchers. Traditionally, NGOs act in a sector of social services to solve problems, such as homelessness, exclusion or social pathologies. They also provide different services which cannot be provided by the market, for instance in education, the healthcare system, culture, or art. Driven by a social mission, NGOs introduce their concepts, strongly relying on fees to perform their activity. They also obtain funds in the form of public donations or payments from private or institutional donors. Growing social needs and changes in the governmental policy aimed at reducing social-aid spending have put pressure on NGOs to develop entrepreneurial strategies to gain financial support. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to investigate how particular funding sources affect the probability of non-governmental organizations’ commercialization. Methods: Data for the analyses have been collected from a national survey of Polish non-governmental organizations. In the analysis of logistic regression, a specially-developed model was used to estimate the probability of NGOs’ commercialization, depending on the selected categories of funding sources. Findings & Value added: An analysis of the results indicates clearly that the likelihood of NGOs’ commercialization slightly decreases as a greater number of private external financial sources is used. In contrast with existing literature, which claims that government funding is crowding out commercial activity, this research finds that, to some extent, public funds positively stimulate the commercialization of NGOs. The contribution of this research is that it introduces the category of internal financing sources of non-profit organizations, which have been overlooked in previous studies. The article provides clear statistical arguments demonstrating that private internal revenues strongly affect the commercialization of the organizations surveyed. The paper is the first to present a model that comprehensively considers the probability of NGOs’ commercialization, including private external and internal, as well as public, sources of funding.

scholarly journals The reality of Palestinian-European trade relations: العلاقات التجارية الفلسطينية الأوروبية الواقع والشراكة

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Fares Mohammed Abu Jameh
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Palestinian Territories ◽  
European Trade ◽  
The Impact

This study aims at unveiling the reality of Palestinian-European trade relations and at identifying the mechanisms and programs pursued by the European Union to support Palestinian territories. This research studies the impact on economic sectors, productive activities and the access to European trade support for Palestinians by identifying the behavior and the nature of relations between the two sides and the extent of its development. The study revealed the reality of the Palestinian European Economic Partnership and the most important items that express the priority given to Palestine.  The research manipulates the descriptive analysis approach, it shows the size and nature of changes in the foreign Palestinian trade with the European Union during the period from 1994 until 2014. It makes use of the latest studies, ideas, previous literature analysis, reports and statistics issued in this area to enrich the study. The study revealed some significant findings: the period in which commercial exchange rate is at best came in line with the availability of an appropriate atmosphere and political optimism. Despite the improved performance of the European support, the Israeli siege and enormous losses of the Palestinian economy might explain the noticeable deceleration in the economic growth rates of the last years.  The results unveiled also that the agreements, lines of donations, mechanisms of cooperation, the European Neighborhood agreement. are still below the required level due to the Israeli arbitrary measures, particularly with regard to restricted commercial activity. And this is not consistent with the hypothesis that the Palestinian-European partnership agreement is the only influential item in Palestinian-European economic relations.

Understanding International Space Law and the Liability Mechanism for Commercial Outer Space Activities—Unravelling the Sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-578
Author(s):  
Biswanath Gupta ◽  
Raju KD
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
International Space ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Space Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
Outer Space Treaty ◽  
State Liability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Space Activities

The status and liability of non-governmental entities for commercial use of outer space activities on behalf of space launching states are not very clear under the existing space law regimes. Non-governmental entities are those who carry private space activities such as commercial launching, supplying different equipment or parts to space agencies and manufacturing spacecraft and satellite. The possible litigation relating to the commercial activities are mainly the financial consequence of damage caused and also the technical complications that private entities face in case of supply of defaulted parts to the space agencies. According to Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty 1967 and Articles II and III of Liability Convention 1972, launching country is liable for any activities in outer space. Even in the case of non-governmental activities, the launching state is liable. Therefore, in the event of any commercial activity from any sovereign states, the state is liable for any accidents and consequential damages. This article focusses on specific issues such as liability for commercial outer space activities of nongovernmental entities in the existing international space law regimes. It explores the applicable principle of space law and international law in outer space activities. The work also focusses on the impact on space liability regime as well as on the legal efficiency of the links between private entities and state liability. This exercise is important in the background of the increasing number of private spacecrafts scheduled for launching in the future.

Procurement Process and Supply Chain

2020 ◽  
pp. 226-261
Author(s):  
Florea Nicoleta Valentina
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Procurement Process ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Complex Activities

Organizations are operating in an environment which offers opportunities but also dangers, risks, changes, and challenges. To face these changes, organizations must develop effective strategies based on relationships with stakeholders and profit decisions, and cost-based in order to obtain competitive advantage. To satisfy customers' needs, the organizations seek a position of superiority over its competitors. To deploy its activities and to achieve its objectives, any organization must dispose resources such as material, human, financial, informational, and technological. This chapter treats a very interesting theme, that of procurement, as commercial activity, in the complex activities of organizations. The chapter starts with the literature in the field and presents the evolution of the process, the objectives, the roles, the functions, the activities, and the typology. The author presents the impact the new technologies have on procurement process, using a simulation model, based on mathematical and statistical models and IT programs.

scholarly journals Digitalization of Commercial Activity of Russian Companies as a Factor of Their Competitiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-143
Author(s):  
Galina G. Deryabina ◽  
◽  
Nina V. Trubnikova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Computer Literacy ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Business Partners ◽  
The Impact

Study of the impact of modern technologies and, in particular, digitalization, on the transformation and future development of industries, as well as changes in economic and marketing models within industries and their impact on business competitiveness is one of the new areas of research in the economic sciences. The purpose of this study is to apply the latest digital trends to modern commercial systems (B2B and B2B2C) of Russian companies to improve their competitiveness in an open digital economy. This work includes the authors’ own developments and field studies of digitalization of commercial functions, with a comparative analysis of the launches of B2B and B2B2C digital CRM systems in 2017 and 2020. The authors analyze materials on economic history and economic development impacted by technological progress, as well as recent researches in the field of digital technologies. This comparison reveals an understanding of the development of digital technologies in business aiming to increase its competitiveness in an open digital economy and to reveal the perception of these technologies by consumers and business partners of companies in Russia. Among the major digital trends that companies are rapidly adopting into their current business processes, including sales and marketing, the authors highlight the growing use of AI, voice search, 5G, AR technologies, chatbots, programmatic advertising, predictive analytics, omnichannel marketing, digital video marketing, blockchain. The field study revealed some progress in the level of digitalization and its perception in the country, starting with the dissemination of modern equipment to the increase in the computer literacy of the population and its openness to work with digital tools, both at the end-user level and at the level of business partners. That confirms the prospect of digitalizing the fieldwork for companies and leveraging the personalization component of marketing to improve the competitiveness of companies in an open digital economy.

scholarly journals Your Physical Activity Is in Your Hand—Objective Activity Tracking Among University Students in Hungary, One of the Most Obese Countries in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergely Ráthonyi ◽  
Viktor Takács ◽  
Róbert Szilágyi ◽  
Éva Bácsné Bába ◽  
Anetta Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
University Students ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Activity Trackers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Free Living Conditions

Inadequate physical activity is currently one of the leading risk factors for mortality worldwide. University students are a high-risk group in terms of rates of obesity and lack of physical activity. In recent years, activity trackers have become increasingly popular for measuring physical activity. The aim of the present study is to examine whether university students in Hungary meet the health recommendations (10,000 steps/day) for physical activity and investigate the impact of different variables (semester-exam period, days-weekdays, days, months, sex) on the level of physical activity in free-living conditions for 3 months period. In free-living conditions, 57 healthy university students (male: 25 female: 32 mean age: 19.50 SD = 1.58) wore MiBand 1S activity tracker for 3 months. Independent sample t-tests were used to explore differences between sexes. A One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to explore differences in measures among different grouping variables and step count. A Two-way ANOVA was conducted to test for differences in the number of steps by days of the week, months, seasons and for sex differences. Tukey HSD post-hoc tests were used to examine significant differences. Students in the study achieved 10,000 steps per day on 17% of days (minimum: 0%; maximum: 76.5%; median: 11.1%). Unfortunately, 70% of the participants did not comply the 10,000 steps at least 80% of the days studied. No statistical difference were found between sexes. However, significant differences were found between BMI categories (underweight <18.50 kg/m2; normal range 18.50–24.99 kg/m2; overweight: 25.00–29.99 kg/m2 obese > 30 kg/m2, the number of steps in the overweight category was significantly lower (F = 72.073, p < 0.001). The average daily steps were significantly higher in autumn (t = 11.457, p < 0.001) than in winter. During exam period average steps/day were significantly lower than during fall semester (t = 13.696, p < 0.001). On weekdays, steps were significantly higher than on weekends (F = 14.017, p < 0.001), and even within this, the greatest physical activity can be done by the middle of the week. Our data suggest that university students may be priority groups for future physical activity interventions. Commercial activity trackers provide huge amount of data for relatively low cost therefore it has the potential to objectively analyze physical activity and plan interventions.

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