scholarly journals Optimal Group Size in Microlending

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Protter ◽  
Alejandra Quintos
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Optimal Group Size

scholarly journals Optimal group size in microlending

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Protter ◽  
Alejandra Quintos
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Optimal Group Size

scholarly journals Changes in group size during resource shifts reveal drivers of sociality across the tree of life

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert B. Kao ◽  
Amanda K. Hund ◽  
Fernando P. Santos ◽  
Jean-Gabriel Young ◽  
Deepak Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Tree Of Life ◽  
Strong Indication ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Resource Abundance ◽  
Dominant Mechanism ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Optimal Group Size

ABSTRACTFrom biofilms to whale pods, organisms have repeatedly converged on sociality as a strategy to improve individual fitness. Yet, it remains challenging to identify the most important drivers—and by extension, the evolutionary mechanisms—of sociality for particular species. Here, we present a conceptual framework, literature review, and model demonstrating that the direction and magnitude of the response of group size to sudden resource shifts provides a strong indication of the underlying drivers of sociality. We catalog six functionally distinct mechanisms related to the acquisition of resources, and we model these mechanisms’ effects on the survival of individuals foraging in groups. We find that whether, and to what degree, optimal group size increases, decreases, or remains constant when resource abundance declines depends strongly on the dominant mechanism. Existing empirical data support our model predictions, and we demonstrate how our framework can be used to predict the dominant social benefit for particular species. Together, our framework and results show that a single easily measurable characteristic, namely, group size under different resource abundances, can illuminate the potential drivers of sociality across the tree of life.

Optimal Group Size

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Jeannine Holmes ◽  
Suzanne MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Optimal Group Size

Optimal group size and northern bobwhite coveys

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher K Williams ◽  
R.Scott Lutz ◽  
Roger D Applegate
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Northern Bobwhite ◽  
Optimal Group Size

Relatedness and conflict over optimal group size

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 117-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce H. Rannala ◽  
Charles R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Optimal Group Size

scholarly journals Vigilance behavior of pyrenean chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica: Effect of sex and position in the herd

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Dalmau ◽  
Alfred Ferret ◽  
Xavier Manteca
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Rupicapra Pyrenaica ◽  
Vigilance Behavior ◽  
Focal Animal ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Pyrenean Chamois ◽  
Optimal Group Size

Abstract The Pyrenean chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica is a mountain-dwelling ungulate with an extensive presence in open areas. Optimal group size results from the trade off between advantages (a reduction in the risk of predation) and disadvantages (competition between members of the herd) of group living. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of group living may vary depending on the position of each individual within the herd. Our objective was to study the effect of central vs. peripheral position in the herd on feeding and vigilance behavior in male and female Pyrenean chamois and to ascertain if a group size effect existed. We used focal animal sampling and recorded social interactions when a focal animal was involved. With males, vigilance rate was higher in the central part of the group than at the periphery, probably due to a higher density of animals in the central part of the herd and a higher probability of being disturbed by conspecifics. With females, vigilance rate did not differ according to position in the herd. Females spent more time feeding than males, and males showed a higher frequency of the vigilance behavior than females. We did not observe a clear relationship between group size and vigilance behavior. The differences in vigilance behavior might be due to social interactions.

Optimal group size is unstable

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 947-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Sibly
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Optimal Group Size

scholarly journals Pooling Strategy Optimization for Accelerating Asymptomatic COVID-19 Screening

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keqin Li
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Sample Pooling ◽  
Testing Cost ◽  
Pooling Strategy ◽  
Financial Impacts ◽  
Optimal Group Size ◽  
Great Advance

Abstract Testing has been a major factor that limits our response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The method of sample pooling and group test has recently been introduced. However, it is still not clearly known how to determine the appropriate group size. In this paper, we develop an analytical method and a numerical algorithm to determine the optimal group size, which minimizes the total number of tests, maximizes the speedup of the pooling strategy, and minimizes both time and cost of testing. The optimal group size is determined by the fraction of infected people and independent of the size of the population. Furthermore, both the optimal pooling size and the achieved speedup grow exponentially with the reciprocal of the fraction of infected people, a quite impressive and nontrivial result. Our method is effective in supporting faster and cheaper asymptomatic COVID-19 screening. Our research has important social implications and financial impacts. For example, if the percentage of infected people is 0.001, we can achieve speedup of almost 16, which means that months of testing time can be reduced to days, and over 93% of the testing cost can be saved. Such a result has not been available in the known literature, and is a significant progress and great advance in pooling strategy optimization for accelerating asymptomatic COVID-19 screening.

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