scholarly journals Heterogeneous International Agreements - If Per Capita Emission Levels Matter

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Lange
Keyword(s):  
International Agreements ◽  
Capita Emission ◽  
Per Capita

scholarly journals The travel-related carbon dioxide emissions of atmospheric researchers

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (21) ◽  
pp. 6499-6504 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stohl
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Capita Emission ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Vapor Emissions

Abstract. Most atmospheric scientists agree that greenhouse gas emissions have already caused significant changes to the global climate system and that these changes will accelerate in the near future. At the same time, atmospheric scientists who – like other scientists – rely on international collaboration and information exchange travel a lot and, thereby, cause substantial emissions of CO2. In this paper, the CO2 emissions of the employees working at an atmospheric research institute (the Norwegian Institute for Air Research, NILU) caused by all types of business travel (conference visits, workshops, field campaigns, instrument maintainance, etc.) were calculated for the years 2005–2007. It is estimated that more than 90% of the emissions were caused by air travel, 3% by ground travel and 5% by hotel usage. The travel-related annual emissions were between 1.9 and 2.4 t CO2 per employee or between 3.9 and 5.5 t CO2 per scientist. For comparison, the total annual per capita CO2 emissions are 4.5 t worldwide, 1.2 t for India, 3.8 t for China, 5.9 t for Sweden and 19.1 t for Norway. The travel-related CO2 emissions of a NILU scientist, occurring in 24 days of a year on average, exceed the global average annual per capita emission. Norway's per-capita CO2 emissions are among the highest in the world, mostly because of the emissions from the oil industry. If the emissions per NILU scientist derived in this paper are taken as representative for the average Norwegian researcher, travel by Norwegian scientists would nevertheless account for a substantial 0.2% of Norway's total CO2 emissions. Since most of the travel-related emissions are due to air travel, water vapor emissions, ozone production and contrail formation further increase the relative importance of NILU's travel in terms of radiative forcing.

The relationship between air pollution emissions and income: US Data

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARd T. CARSON ◽  
YONGIL JEON ◽  
DONALD R. McCUBBIN
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Data Comparability ◽  
Capita Emission ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Pollution Emissions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Air Pollution Emissions

Considerable interest has focused on the possible existence of an environmental Kuznets curve, whereby pollution first increases but later falls with increasing income. Empirical studies have concentrated on a wide spectrum of countries and run into inevitable problems of data comparability and quality. We avoid these problems by looking at seven types of air emissions across the 50 US states and find all seven pollutants decrease with increasing per capita income. We also find strong evidence of heteroscedasticity with respect to the income–emissions relationship: lower-income states display much greater variability in per capita emission levels than higher-income states. Additionally, we look at the best measured of these emissions, air toxics, for the period 1988–94. Using a simple sign test, we find support for the notion that an increase in income is associated with a decrease in per capita emissions. However, the change in emissions appears to be unrelated to the magnitude of the change in income. We do find, though, that the reduction in per capita emissions is increasing both in terms of the 1988 level of per capita emissions and income. Possible implications of these results for the development process are discussed.

scholarly journals On the Factor of a Daily Per Capita Emission of Household Waste

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 413-418
Author(s):  
Koji AMANO ◽  
Fumiharu ATSUMI
Keyword(s):  
Household Waste ◽  
Capita Emission ◽  
Per Capita

Does Trade Liberalization Improve the Environment in China? Evidence Form the Dynamic Panel Data of Chinese Prefecture City

2014 ◽  
Vol 950 ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Li Ming Hong
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Capita Emission ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Environment Index

This paper employ GMM method introduced in [1] to reevaluate the environment effect of trade liberalization based on the dynamic panel data from Chinese Prefecture City during 1995-2010. We found that trade openness improve the environment quality measured by So2 emissions per capita, emission intensity of so2 and soot while no evidence in Soot emissions per capita. Specifically, even though the effect of import on environment is short-term and unsustainable, the export improve the environment more and more over time. Therefore the environment in China benefit from the trade liberalization regime and export-oriented strategy. In addition, this paper found the evidence of environmental Kuznets Curve and pollution haven hypothesis in some environment index.

Haemophilia Registry of the Medical Committee of the Swiss Haemophilia Society

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S16-S18 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Brand ◽  
N. von der Weid
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Mutation Analysis ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Global Survey ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

SummaryThe Swiss Haemophilia Registry of the Medical Committee of the Swiss Haemophilia Society was established in 2000. Primarily it bears epidemiological and basic clinical data (incidence, type and severity of the disease, age groups, centres, mortality). Two thirds of the questions of the WFH Global Survey can be answered, especially those concerning use of concentrates (global, per capita) and treatment modalities (on-demand versus prophylactic regimens). Moreover, the registry is an important tool for quality control of the haemophilia treatment centres.There are no informations about infectious diseases like hepatitis or HIV, due to non-anonymisation of the data. We plan to incorporate the results of the mutation analysis in the future.

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