The Intellectual Legacy of Jaroslav Vanek: How the Twain Met

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Bonin
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Legacy

الشيخ والشاه مقارنة أوليَّة في الإرث الفكري لمحمد بن عبد الوهاب وولي الله الدِّهلوي The Sheikh and Shah Preliminary Comparison of the Intellectual Legacy of Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Al-WahhÉb and WalÊ Allah DehlawÊ

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
حسن أحمد إبراهيم
Keyword(s):  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Islamic Revival ◽  
Analytical Comparison ◽  
Islamic Reform ◽  
Preliminary Comparison ◽  
Intellectual Heritage ◽  
Intellectual Legacy

         الملخّصتحاول هذه الدراسة، التي أحسب أنها الأولى من نوعها، أن تقدم مقارنة تحليلية للإرث الفكري للشيخين محمد عبد الوهاب (1703-1791م) في الجزيرة العربية وشاه ولي الله الدهلوي (1703-1761م) في شبه القارة الهندية في إطار واقعهما البيئي. وتخلص إلى أن لفظ "الوهابية الهندية"، الذي ابتدعه بعض المستشرقين لوصف حركة الإصلاح الإسلامي في الهند، والذي يوحي بأن رائدها الدِّهلوي كان مجرد نسخة مطابقة لمعاصره ابن عبد الوهاب، مصطلح غير دقيق، بل لعله خاطئ كليًّا. وذلك لأن دراسة الإرث الفكري لهذين العملاقين تبين بأنهما أسسا في عصر ما قبل الهجمة الإستعمارية على بلاد المسلمين مدرستين متباينتين من حيث التوجه والمحتوى.الكلمات المفتاحية: محمد عبد الوهاب، شاه ولي الله، الإرث الفكري، التجديد الإسلامي. Abstract          This is the first study to provide an analytical comparison of the intellectual legacy of two great scholars Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-WahhÉb (1703-1791) in the Arabian Peninsula and Shah WalÊ Allah DehlawÊ (1703-1761) in the Indian sub-continent in the context of their respective environments. It concludes that the term “Indian Wahhabism”, which was coined by some Orientalists to describe the movement for Islamic reform in India, suggesting that Sheikh DehlawÊ was just a duplicate of contemporary Ibn ‘Abd al-WahhÉb, is not only inaccurate but completely incorrect. The study of the intellectual legacy of these two luminaries reveals that they both founded, prior to the pre-colonial attack on the Muslim world, two schools different in terms of orientation and content..Keywords: Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-WahhÉb, ShÉh WalÊ Allah DehlawÊ, Intellectual Heritage, Islamic Revival.

Free Trade before Liberalism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey Tazzara
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Free Trade Zone ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Institutional Variation ◽  
Intellectual Legacy

Chapter 8 situates Livorno amidst a larger picture of competition in the central Mediterranean. It analyzes the spread of free ports by considering the two axes along which Italian ports liberalized during the early modern period: hospitality toward merchants and openness toward goods. Despite much institutional variation, a maritime free trade zone was in existence by the mid-eighteenth century. The intellectual legacy of free ports such as Livorno was nonetheless ambivalent. Though some Enlightenment thinkers used free ports to formulate general theories of free trade, others believed they promoted the subjection of state policy to foreign merchants.

scholarly journals Reformulating Jan Tinbergen’s normative vision on welfare and security

2021 ◽  
pp. 002234332096977
Author(s):  
S Mansoob Murshed
Keyword(s):  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Strategic Interaction ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Payoff Function ◽  
Cooperative Behaviour ◽  
Individual Behaviour ◽  
World Government ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Intellectual Legacy

This article builds on the intellectual legacy of Jan Tinbergen by extending his analysis on welfare and security into a framework involving strategic interaction. I first incorporate welfare and security in terms of interstate tensions into a single utility or payoff function. An uncertain world is characterized by states that are more peaceful, and others where nations are more hostile to each other. Both conflictual and peaceful outcomes lie along a spectrum of hostility short of war. The strategies adopted by the two countries, which promote peace, can be complements or substitutes. This means that they can go up or down in response to increases in the strategies of its rival. I demonstrate that non-cooperative behaviour between nations is Pareto inferior to cooperative behaviour, because the latter is associated with more actions and efforts to promote peace. Cooperative behaviour is akin to Tinbergen’s notion of world government. Non-cooperative behaviour by states also leads to moral hazard, and there can be free-riding in joint peaceful behaviour by some nations, particularly when the strategies of the countries are substitutes. The model is extended to aggressive international behaviour, including that mandated by populist plebiscites or election victories, as well as an outline of individual behaviour driven by identity-based politics.

scholarly journals Positive Thinking: Social Science, Sociology and the Intellectual Legacy of Auguste Comte

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Michael Sonenscher
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Thinking ◽  
Auguste Comte ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Intellectual Legacy

How can you know something that cannot be seen, heard, tasted, touched or smelled? The question applies most obviously to things like rights, justice or freedom because they do not seem be as easy to locate or describe as things that can be known by the senses. Part of the point of positivism was that under certain conditions they can. To Auguste Comte (1798–1857), the movement's founder, it was possible to have as positive a knowledge of rights, justice or freedom as whatever was needed to know a cat or a mat. Positivism could, therefore, have as much to do with morality as with epistemology and as strong a concern with values and beliefs as with facts and certainty. The resulting capacity to move seamlessly between the external and the internal and from the physical to the moral was one reason why, together with the word “sociology,” the other word that came to be associated most widely and durably with positivism was another of Comte's coinages, “altruism.” Positivism, in short, was the science—or knowledge—of altruism.

Ambivalent Affines: Law Like Literature

2020 ◽  
pp. 174387212097199
Author(s):  
Kathleen Birrell
Keyword(s):  
Law And Literature ◽  
Methodological Challenge ◽  
Reading To Read ◽  
The Law ◽  
Short Essay ◽  
Oscillatory Rhythm ◽  
Intellectual Legacy

This short essay will dwell upon the ‘law of literature and the literature of law’, as illuminated in the enduring scholarship and intellectual legacy of Peter Fitzpatrick. Reading with Fitzpatrick, we must grapple with a law that is both constituted and subverted by recourse to the supplement of fiction. These ambivalent ‘affines’, law and literature, share in an oscillatory rhythm: each is constituted and enlivened by an unbounded exteriority, yet each must be rendered normatively determinate. I reflect upon the ways in which Fitzpatrick’s account of ‘law like literature’ grasps and hones the methodological challenge implicit in this reading: to read law as literature and literature as law. Yet further, I extend a reading of Fitzpatrick’s scholarship that acknowledges this fictive law as not merely susceptible to but constituted by decoloniality.

scholarly journals The Intellectual Legacy of Progressive Economics: A Review Essay of Thomas C. Leonard's Illiberal Reformers

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 1064-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall I. Steinbaum ◽  
Bernard A. Weisberger
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Era ◽  
Review Essay ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Progressive Movement ◽  
Intellectual Elite ◽  
Economics Profession ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Intellectual Legacy

Thomas Leonard's 2016 book Illiberal Reformers: Race, Eugenics, and American Economics in the Progressive Era argues that exclusionary views on eugenics, race, immigration, and gender taint the intellectual legacy of progressive economics and economists. This review essay reconsiders that legacy and places it in the context within which it developed. While the early generations of scholars who founded the economics profession in the United States and trained in its departments did indeed hold and express retrograde views on those subjects, those views were common to a broad swath of the intellectual elite of that era, including the progressives' staunchest opponents inside and outside academia. Moreover, Leonard anachronistically intermingles a contemporary critique of early-twentieth-century progressive economics and the progressive movement writ large, serving to decontextualize those disputes—a flaw that is amplified by the book's unsystematic approach to reconstructing the views and writing it attacks. Notwithstanding the history Leonard presents, economists working now nonetheless owe their progressive forebears for contributions that have become newly relevant: the “credibility revolution,” the influence of economic research on policy and program design, the prestige of economists working in and providing advice to government agencies and policy makers, and the academic freedom economists enjoy in modern research-oriented universities are all a part of that legacy. (JEL A11, B15, D82, J15, N31, N32)

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