scholarly journals The Triple Difference Estimator

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Olden ◽  
Jarle Moen
Keyword(s):  
Difference Estimator ◽  
Triple Difference

scholarly journals Heat Exposure and Youth Migration in Central America and the Caribbean

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Baez ◽  
German Caruso ◽  
Valerie Mueller ◽  
Chiyu Niu
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Heat Effects ◽  
Triple Difference ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Youth Migration

We employ a triple difference-in-difference approach, using censuses and georeferenced temperature data, to quantify heat effects on internal migration in Central America and the Caribbean. A 1-standard deviation increase in heat would affect the lives of 7,314 and 1,578 unskilled young women and men. The effect is smaller than observed in response to droughts and hurricanes but could increase with climate change. Interestingly, youth facing heat waves are more likely to move to urban centers than when exposed to disasters endemic to the region. Research identifying the implications of these choices and interventions available to minimize distress migration is warranted.

scholarly journals The generalized triple difference of \(\chi^{3}\) sequence spaces

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Subramanian ◽  
Ayhan Esi
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Spaces ◽  
Topological Properties ◽  
Inclusion Relations ◽  
Triple Difference

<p>In this paper we define some new sequence spaces and give some topological properties of the sequence spaces \(\chi^{3}\left( \Delta_{v}^{m},s, p\right)\) and \(\Lambda^{3}\left( \Delta_{v}^{m},s, p\right) \) and investigate some inclusion relations.</p>

scholarly journals Attitude Determination GPS/INS Integration System Design Using Triple Difference Technique

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Heon Oh ◽  
Dong-Hwan Hwang ◽  
Chan-Sik Park ◽  
Sang-Jeong Lee
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Attitude Determination ◽  
Integration System ◽  
Triple Difference

It’s a Party in the MLB: An Analysis of Shirking Between Games in Major League Baseball

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Richard J. Paulsen
Keyword(s):  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Baseball Player ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Estimation Strategy ◽  
Major League ◽  
Triple Difference ◽  
And Performance

This paper uses game-level Major League Baseball data to identify whether players with greater job security shirk in their preparation between games. Past work has identified evidence of moral hazard arising in multiyear Major League Baseball player contracts, but little work has been done in identifying when shirking takes place. Using a difference-in-differences estimation strategy, this study finds evidence of an inverse relationship between the number of years remaining on player contracts and performance when the player is playing on short rest, when opportunity to rest is scarce, but not on long rest. Using a triple-difference specification, evidence is found that this inverse relationship between years remaining on a player’s contract when playing on short rest occurs for games played in “party cities.” This evidence would suggest that between game preparation is one avenue through which players on multiyear contracts shirk.

Speed and accuracy improvements in standard algorithm for prismatic gravitational field

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 1898-1908
Author(s):  
Toshio Fukushima
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Exact Formula ◽  
New Method ◽  
Gravity Gradient ◽  
Gradient Tensor ◽  
Gravity Gradient Tensor ◽  
Triple Difference ◽  
Transcendental Functions ◽  
Arctangent Function ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

SUMMARY By utilizing the addition theorems of the arctangent function and the logarithm, we developed a new expression of Bessel’s exact formula to compute the prismatic gravitational field using the triple difference of certain analytic functions. The use of the new expression is fast since the number of transcendental functions required is significantly reduced. The numerical experiments show that, in computing the gravitational potential, the gravity vector, and the gravity gradient tensor of a uniform rectangular parallelepiped, the new method runs 2.3, 2.3 and 3.7 times faster than Bessel’s method, respectively. Also, the new method achieves a slight increase in the computing precision. Therefore, the new method can be used in place of Bessel’s method in any situation. The same approach is applicable to the geomagnetic field computation.

Do Local Tobacco-21 Laws Reduce Smoking Among 18 to 20 Year-Olds?

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1195-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail S Friedman ◽  
Rachel J Wu
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Point Reduction ◽  
Tobacco Sales ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Triple Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Abstract Introduction States and municipalities are increasingly restricting tobacco sales to those under age 21, in an effort to reduce youth and young adult smoking. However, the effectiveness of such policies remains unclear, particularly when implemented locally. Methods Analyses use 2011–2016 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System’s Selected Metropolitan/Micropolitan Area Risk Trends dataset. Difference-in-differences and triple-difference regressions estimate the relationship between local tobacco-21 policies and smoking among 18- to 20-year-olds living in MMSAs (metropolitan/micropolitan statistical areas and metropolitan divisions). Results Current smoking rates fell from 16.5% in 2011 to 8.9% in 2016 among 18- 20-year-olds in these data. Regressions indicate that a tobacco-21 policy covering one’s entire MMSA yields an approximately 3.1 percentage point reduction in 18- to 20-year-olds’ likelihoods of smoking (confidence interval [CI] = –0.0548 to –0.0063). Accounting for partial policy exposure—tobacco-21 laws implemented in some but not all jurisdictions within an MMSA—this estimate implies that the average exposed 18- to 20-year-old experienced a 1.2 percentage point drop in their likelihood of being a smoker at interview relative to unexposed respondents of the same age, all else equal. Conclusions Local tobacco-21 policies yield a substantive reduction in smoking among 18- to 20-year-olds living in MMSAs. This finding provides empirical support for efforts to raise the tobacco purchasing age to 21 as a means to reduce young adult smoking. Moreover, it suggests that state laws preempting local tobacco-21 policies may impede public health. Implications Although states and municipalities are increasingly restricting tobacco sales to under 21-year-olds, such policies’ effectiveness remains unclear, particularly when implemented locally. Using quasi-experimental methods, this article provides what may be the first evidence that sub-state tobacco-21 laws reduce smoking among 18- to 20-year-olds. Specifically, considering metropolitan and micropolitan areas from 2011 to 2016, the average 18- to 20-year-old who was exposed to these policies exhibited a 1.2 percentage point drop in their likelihood of being a current established smoker, relative to those who were unexposed. These findings validate local tobacco-21 laws as a means to reduce young adult smoking.

scholarly journals Generalized rough lacunary statistical triple difference sequence spaces in probability of fractional order defined by Musielak-Orlicz functionGeneralized rough lacunary statistical triple difference sequence spaces in probability of fractional order defined by Musielak-Orlicz function

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Shyamal Debnath ◽  
N. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Order ◽  
Orlicz Function ◽  
Lacunary Sequence ◽  
Sequence Spaces ◽  
Arbitrary Sequence ◽  
Difference Sequence ◽  
Positive Real ◽  
Topological Structures ◽  
Triple Difference ◽  
Difference Sequence Spaces

We generalized the concepts in probability of rough lacunary statistical by introducing the diference operator of fractional order, where is a proper fraction and = (mnk ) is anyxed sequence of nonzero real or complex numbers. We study some properties of this operator involving lacunary sequence and arbitrary sequence p = (prst) of strictly positive real numbers and investigate the topological structures of related triple diference sequence spaces. The main focus of the present paper is to generalized rough lacunary statistical of triple diference sequence spaces and investigate their topological structures as well as some inclusion concerning the operator :

Estimating Linear Trends: Simple Linear Regression versus Epoch Differences

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (24) ◽  
pp. 9969-9976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Barnes ◽  
Randal J. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Difference Estimator ◽  
First Order ◽  
Epoch Length ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Linear Regression Estimator

Abstract Two common approaches for estimating a linear trend are 1) simple linear regression and 2) the epoch difference with possibly unequal epoch lengths. The epoch difference estimator for epochs of length M is defined as the difference between the average value over the last M time steps and the average value over the first M time steps divided by N − M, where N is the length of the time series. Both simple linear regression and the epoch difference are unbiased estimators for the trend; however, it is demonstrated that the variance of the linear regression estimator is always smaller than the variance of the epoch difference estimator for first-order autoregressive [AR(1)] time series with lag-1 autocorrelations less than about 0.85. It is further shown that under most circumstances if the epoch difference estimator is applied, the optimal epoch lengths are equal and approximately one-third the length of the time series. Additional results are given for the optimal epoch length at one end when the epoch length at the other end is constrained.

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