The Prevalence of Chest Radiography Abnormalities Suggestive of Inactive Tuberculosis and Their Burden of Tuberculosis Infection Among Rural Residents: A Population-Based Screening Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henan Xin ◽  
Haoran Zhang ◽  
Xuefang Cao ◽  
Jianmin Liu ◽  
Shouguo Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Screening Study

scholarly journals Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Individuals with Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rural China: A Screening Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henan Xin ◽  
Haoran Zhang ◽  
Xuefang Cao ◽  
Jianmin Liu ◽  
Shouguo Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Screening Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Latent Tb Infection

Abstract Background: Individuals with pulmonary fibrotic radiological lesions, indicating prior tuberculosis (TB), have been suggested to be at high likelihood of developing active disease from latent TB infection (LTBI). The burden of LTBI among this specific population has been rarely studied in China.Methods: We conducted a population-based screening study to investigate the prevalence of fibrotic radiological lesions and their TB infection rate among rural residents in China. Chest radiography examination was performed for all eligible participants, and Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) testing was conducted for those with a history of anti-TB treatment and those with radiographic abnormalities suggestive of prior TB. Risk factors associated with the present of fibrosis and IGRA positivity were analyzed.Results: A total of 45,901 rural residents participated in the study, 2,231 of them reported a history of anti-TB treatment. The prevalence of pulmonary fibrosis was 34.16% (762/2,231) and 2.81% (1,230/43,670) among the participants with and without anti-TB treatment. The present of fibrosis was found to be more frequent among individuals with a history of relapse of TB (50.35%, 72/143) or previous smear positive TB (44.23%,157/355). Among participants with fibrotic radiological lesions, IGRA positivity was 50.39% (384/762) and 25.44% (313/1,230) for those with and without anti-TB treatment records, respectively. Males, younger age and a previous smear positive TB were associated with higher IGRA positivity among individuals with anti-TB treatment record.Conclusions: Individuals with fibrotic radiological lesions and their remarkably high burden of TB infection should be attached more attention for TB control in China.

scholarly journals Changes in Six-Month Prevalence of Circulatory System Diseases among People Aged 20 Years and Older between 2013 and 2018 in Hunan, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2599
Author(s):  
Zhenzhen Rao ◽  
Junjie Hua ◽  
Ruotong Li ◽  
Yanhong Fu ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Circulatory System Diseases ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Recent changes in population-based prevalence for circulatory system diseases (CSDs) remain unreported either nationally or locally for China. Data were from the two-round health service household interview survey of Hunan Province, China, in 2013 and 2018. A Rao–Scott chi-square test was performed to examine prevalence differences across socio-demographic variables. The overall age-standardized prevalence of CSDs increased substantially between 2013 and 2018 for inhabitants aged 20 years and older (14.25% vs. 21.25%; adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.24–2.04). Hypertensive disease was the most prevalent type of CSD, accounting for 87.24% and 83.83% of all CSDs in 2013 and in 2018, respectively. After controlling for other socio-demographic factors, the prevalence of CSDs was significantly higher in 2018 (adjusted OR = 1.40), urban residents (adjusted OR = 1.43), females (adjusted OR = 1.12) and older age groups (adjusted OR = 5.36 for 50–59 years, 9.51 for 60–69 years, 15.19 for 70–79 years, and 12.90 for 80 years and older) than in 2013, rural residents, males and the youngest age group (20–49 years). The recent increase in the overall age-standardized CSD prevalence and the large prevalence disparities across urban/rural residents, sex and age groups merit the attention of policymakers and researchers. Further prevention efforts are needed to curb the increasing tendency and to reduce the prevalence of disparities across socio-demographic groups.

scholarly journals Iceland screens, treats, or prevents multiple myeloma (iStopMM): a population-based screening study for monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and randomized controlled trial of follow-up strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sæmundur Rögnvaldsson ◽  
Thorvardur Jon Love ◽  
Sigrun Thorsteinsdottir ◽  
Elín Ruth Reed ◽  
Jón Þórir Óskarsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Monoclonal Gammopathy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Early Therapy ◽  
Screening Study ◽  
Undetermined Significance

AbstractMonoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) precedes multiple myeloma (MM). Population-based screening for MGUS could identify candidates for early treatment in MM. Here we describe the Iceland Screens, Treats, or Prevents Multiple Myeloma study (iStopMM), the first population-based screening study for MGUS including a randomized trial of follow-up strategies. Icelandic residents born before 1976 were offered participation. Blood samples are collected alongside blood sampling in the Icelandic healthcare system. Participants with MGUS are randomized to three study arms. Arm 1 is not contacted, arm 2 follows current guidelines, and arm 3 follows a more intensive strategy. Participants who progress are offered early treatment. Samples are collected longitudinally from arms 2 and 3 for the study biobank. All participants repeatedly answer questionnaires on various exposures and outcomes including quality of life and psychiatric health. National registries on health are cross-linked to all participants. Of the 148,704 individuals in the target population, 80 759 (54.3%) provided informed consent for participation. With a very high participation rate, the data from the iStopMM study will answer important questions on MGUS, including potentials harms and benefits of screening. The study can lead to a paradigm shift in MM therapy towards screening and early therapy.

Status and disparities of diabetes among urban and rural residents aged 40 years and older: insight from a population-based study in northeast China, 2017–2019

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-213755
Author(s):  
Liying Xing ◽  
Yuanmeng Tian ◽  
Li Jing ◽  
Min Lin ◽  
Zhi Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence

ObjectivesTo evaluate the up-to-date epidemiology of diabetes in northeast China.MethodsThe cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2017 and March 2019 using a multistage, stratified and cluster random sampling method. 18 796 participants (28.9% urban and 71.1% rural) aged ≥40 years were enrolled. Diabetes and pre-diabetes were diagnosed according to the history, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels.ResultsThe prevalence of diabetes was 17.1%, higher in urban than in rural residents (20.2% vs 15.8%, p<0.001). Meanwhile, the prevalence of pre-diabetes was 44.3%, higher in rural than in urban areas (49.4% vs 31.8%, p<0.001). The overall FPG and HbA1c were 6.10±1.94 mmol/L and 5.59%±1.08%. The FPG level was higher in rural area than in urban areas (6.15±1.83 mmol/L vs 5.97±2.18 mmol/L, p<0.001). Among participants with diabetes, 47.5% were aware of their diabetes condition; 39.5% were taking antidiabetic medications and 36.8% of people had their diabetes controlled. The awareness and treatment rates in rural areas were lower than those in urban areas (47.3% vs 57.5%, 34.4% vs 49.5%, p<0.001). Patients with diabetic, especially those in rural areas, tended to have multiple risk factors including hypertension (71.7%), overweight or obesity (69.6%) and dyslipidaemia (52.8%).ConclusionA considerable burden of diabetes was observed in northeast China, with high percentage of untreated diabetes, high prevalence of pre-diabetes, high overall FPG level and multiple uncontrolled risk factors in patients with diabetics. Therefore, region-specific strategies on prevention and management of diabetes should be emphasised.

Use of antiosteoporotic medication in the Danish ROSE population-based screening study

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1223-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Høiberg ◽  
K. H. Rubin ◽  
T. Holmberg ◽  
M. J. Rothmann ◽  
S. Möller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Screening Study

scholarly journals Prevalence of Latent Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) in Saudi Arabia; Population based survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan H. Balkhy ◽  
Kamel El Beltagy ◽  
Aiman El-Saed ◽  
Badr Aljasir ◽  
Abdulhakeem Althaqafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Population Based Survey
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