Review of Noam Gur, Legal Directives and Practical Reasons

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Spaak
Keyword(s):  
Practical Reasons

Illocution and Interlocution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Moran
Keyword(s):  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Normative Power ◽  
The Difference

This chapter discusses the idea of a “second-personal stance” as developed by Darwall and others, and notes some differences with the notion of “addressing” developed here, particularly with respect to the difference between theoretical and practical reasons. Austin’s distinction between the “illocutionary” and the “perlocutionary” is discussed in connection with Joseph Raz’s idea of the exercise of a normative power. The particular sense of “act” that applies to the perlocutionary status of utterances is illuminated by Jennifer Hornsby’s development of the idea of “reciprocity” as the distinguishing mark of the illocutionary (and hence of acts like telling). The chapter ends with further comparison and contrast between acts of telling and promising.

Taking Stock

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Dancy
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
A Value ◽  
Theoretical Reasoning ◽  
Similar Explanation

This chapter considers some general issues about the nature of the account that is emerging. It asks whether moral reasoning should have been treated as it was in Chapter 5. It also askes whether an explanation of practical reasons by appeal to value could be mirrored by a similar explanation of theoretical reasoning if one thinks of truth as a value. One might also think of the probability of a belief as a respect in which it is of value. The chapter ends by introducing the idea of a focalist account, and maintains that the account offered of practical reasoning is focalist.

Moral Reasoning and the Primacy of the Practical

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Dancy
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Complete Theory ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Moral Thought

This chapter considers how to locate moral reasoning in terms of the structures that have emerged so far. It does not attempt to write a complete theory of moral thought. Its main purpose is rather to reassure us that moral reasoning—which might seem to be somehow both practical and theoretical at once—can be perfectly well handled using the tools developed in previous chapters. It also considers the question how we are to explain practical reasoning—and practical reasons more generally—by contrast with the explanation of theoretical reasons and reasoning offered in Chapter 4. This leads us to the first appearance of the Primacy of the Practical. The second appearance concerns reasons to intend.

Getting Practical

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic McIver Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Network Theory ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Aesthetic Appreciation ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Aesthetic Property ◽  
Aesthetic Values ◽  
Aesthetic Reason

While the main argument for the network theory of aesthetic value is that it better explains the facts about aesthetic activity than does aesthetic hedonism, the two theories share some common assumptions. Aesthetic evaluations are mental representations that attribute aesthetic values to items. Aesthetic acts are acts based on aesthetic evaluations. Aesthetic values figure in aesthetic reasons, which are practical reasons. That is, an aesthetic reason lends weight to the proposition that an agent should perform some act—an act of aesthetic appreciation, for example. Hence, one task for a theory of aesthetic value is to state what makes some values aesthetic. A second is to state what makes it the case that an aesthetic property figures in a reason that lends weight to what an agent should do. Aesthetic hedonism and the network theory offer only to explain the practical normativity of aesthetic value.

Duty, Rationality, and Practical Reasons

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
David McNaughton ◽  
Piers Rawling
Keyword(s):  
Practical Reasons

ON THE USE OF PARTIALLY LINEAR MODEL IN IDENTIFICATION OF ARCING-FAULT LOCATION ON OVERHEAD HIGH-VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINES

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (06) ◽  
pp. 1975-1985
Author(s):  
RASTKO ŽIVANOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Nonlinear System Identification ◽  
Identification Problem ◽  
Parametric Modeling ◽  
Partially Linear Model ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Partially Linear ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Arcing Fault

The task of locating an arcing-fault on overhead line using sampled measurements obtained at a single line terminal could be classified as a practical nonlinear system identification problem. The practical reasons impose the requirement that the solution should be with maximum possible precision. Dynamic behavior of an arc in open air is influenced by the environmental conditions that are changing randomly, and therefore the useful practically application of parametric modeling is out of question. The requirement to identify only one parameter is yet another specific of this problem. The parameter we need is the one that linearly correlates the voltage samples with the current derivative samples (inductance). The correlation between the voltage samples and the current samples depends on the unpredictable arc dynamic behavior. Therefore this correlation is reconstructed using nonparametric regression. A partially linear model combines both, parametric and nonparametric parts in one model. The fit of this model is noniterative, and provides an efficient way to identify (pull out) a single linear correlation from the nonlinear time series.

scholarly journals Precision inclusive Higgs physics at e+e− colliders with tracking detectors and without calorimetry

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Draper ◽  
Jonathan Kozaczuk ◽  
Scott Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Higgs Boson ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Inclusive Cross Section ◽  
Nuclear Interaction ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Boson Mass ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Tracking Detector

Abstract A primary goal of a future e+e− collider program will be the precision measurement of Higgs boson properties. For practical reasons it is of interest to determine the minimal set of detector specifications required to reach this and other scientific goals. Here we investigate the precision obtainable for the e+e−Zhμ+μ−X inclusive cross section and the Higgs boson mass using the di-muon recoil method, considering a detector that has only an inner tracking system within a solenoidal magnetic field, surrounded by many nuclear interaction lengths of absorbing material, and an outer muon identification system. We find that the sensitivity achievable in these measurements with such a tracking detector is only marginally reduced compared to that expected for a general purpose detector with additional electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeter systems. The difference results mainly from multi-photon backgrounds that are not as easily rejected with tracking detectors. We also comment on the prospects for an analogous measurement of the e+e−→Zh→e+e−X inclusive cross section. Finally, we study searches for light scalars utilizing the di-muon recoil method, estimating the projected reach with a tracking or general purpose detector.

Programming the Common Market: The Making and Failure of a ‘Dirigiste’ Europe, 1957–1967

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Hugo Canihac
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
European Economic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

This article contributes to the debate about the history of the political economy of the European Economic Community (EEC). It retraces the efforts during the early years of the EEC to implement a form of ‘European economic programming’, that is, a more ‘dirigiste’ type of economic governance than is usually associated with European integration. Based on a variety of archives, it offers a new account of the making and failure of this project. It argues that, at the time, the idea of economic programming found many supporters, but its implementation largely failed for political as well as practical reasons. In so doing, it also brings to light the role of economists during the early years of European integration.

Review of short-text classification

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issa Alsmadi ◽  
Keng Hoon Gan
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Text Classification ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Significant Implication ◽  
Classification Problems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Short Text ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Low Performance

PurposeRapid developments in social networks and their usage in everyday life have caused an explosion in the amount of short electronic documents. Thus, the need to classify this type of document based on their content has a significant implication in many applications. The need to classify these documents in relevant classes according to their text contents should be interested in many practical reasons. Short-text classification is an essential step in many applications, such as spam filtering, sentiment analysis, Twitter personalization, customer review and many other applications related to social networks. Reviews on short text and its application are limited. Thus, this paper aims to discuss the characteristics of short text, its challenges and difficulties in classification. The paper attempt to introduce all stages in principle classification, the technique used in each stage and the possible development trend in each stage.Design/methodology/approachThe paper as a review of the main aspect of short-text classification. The paper is structured based on the classification task stage.FindingsThis paper discusses related issues and approaches to these problems. Further research could be conducted to address the challenges in short texts and avoid poor accuracy in classification. Problems in low performance can be solved by using optimized solutions, such as genetic algorithms that are powerful in enhancing the quality of selected features. Soft computing solution has a fuzzy logic that makes short-text problems a promising area of research.Originality/valueUsing a powerful short-text classification method significantly affects many applications in terms of efficiency enhancement. Current solutions still have low performance, implying the need for improvement. This paper discusses related issues and approaches to these problems.

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