Investors' Assessment of the Dilution and Solvency Effects of Hybrid Instruments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Linsmeier ◽  
Clay Partridge ◽  
Catherine Shakespeare
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Instruments

Do Hybrid Instruments Lower the Firm Cost of Capital?

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Ford ◽  
Tyrone M. Carlin ◽  
Nigel Finch
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Hybrid Instruments

scholarly journals COMBINING MULTIPLE CLIMATE POLICY INSTRUMENTS: HOW NOT TO DO IT

2010 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 209-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMUEL FANKHAUSER ◽  
CAMERON HEPBURN ◽  
JISUNG PARK
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Reserve Price ◽  
Cap And Trade ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
Hybrid Instruments ◽  
Carbon Prices

Putting a price on carbon is critical for climate change policy. Increasingly, policymakers combine multiple policy tools to achieve this, for example by complementing cap-and-trade schemes with a carbon tax, or with a feed-in tariff. Often, the motivation for doing so is to limit undesirable fluctuations in the carbon price, either from rising too high or falling too low. This paper reviews the implications for the carbon price of combining cap-and-trade with other policy instruments. We find that price intervention may not always have the desired effect. Simply adding a carbon tax to an existing cap-and-trade system reduces the carbon price in the market to such an extent that the overall price signal (tax plus carbon price) may remain unchanged. Generous feed-in tariffs or renewable energy obligations within a capped area have the same effect: they undermine the carbon price in the rest of the trading regime, likely increasing costs without reducing emissions. Policymakers wishing to support carbon prices should turn to hybrid instruments — that is, trading schemes with price-like features, such as an auction reserve price — to make sure their objectives are met.

scholarly journals Environmental impact and life cycle financial cost of hybrid (reusable/single-use) instruments versus single-use equivalents in laparoscopic cholecystectomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantelle Rizan ◽  
Mahmood F. Bhutta
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Financial Cost ◽  
Laparoscopic Instruments ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Hybrid Instruments

Abstract Background Hybrid surgical instruments contain both single-use and reusable components, potentially bringing together advantages from both approaches. The environmental and financial costs of such instruments have not previously been evaluated. Methods We used Life Cycle Assessment to evaluate the environmental impact of hybrid laparoscopic clip appliers, scissors, and ports used for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, comparing these with single-use equivalents. We modelled this using SimaPro and ReCiPe midpoint and endpoint methods to determine 18 midpoint environmental impacts including the carbon footprint, and three aggregated endpoint impacts. We also conducted life cycle cost analysis of products, taking into account unit cost, decontamination, and disposal costs. Results The environmental impact of using hybrid instruments for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy was lower than single-use equivalents across 17 midpoint environmental impacts, with mean average reductions of 60%. The carbon footprint of using hybrid versions of all three instruments was around one-quarter of single-use equivalents (1756 g vs 7194 g CO2e per operation) and saved an estimated 1.13 e−5 DALYs (disability adjusted life years, 74% reduction), 2.37 e−8 species.year (loss of local species per year, 76% reduction), and US $ 0.6 in impact on resource depletion (78% reduction). Scenario modelling indicated that environmental performance of hybrid instruments was better even if there was low number of reuses of instruments, decontamination with separate packaging of certain instruments, decontamination using fossil-fuel-rich energy sources, or changing carbon intensity of instrument transportation. Total financial cost of using a combination of hybrid laparoscopic instruments was less than half that of single-use equivalents (GBP £131 vs £282). Conclusion Adoption of hybrid laparoscopic instruments could play an important role in meeting carbon reduction targets for surgery and also save money.

Spectral modelling and timbre hybridisation programs for computer music

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES BEAUCHAMP ◽  
ANDREW HORNER
Keyword(s):  
Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Computer Music ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Nonlinear Filter ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Pitch Tracking ◽  
Filter Synthesis ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Parameter Modification ◽  
Hybrid Instruments

Software packages developed for visualising time-varying timbres, finding parameter settings for modelling acoustic instrument tones, and for synthesising timbres are described. The sndan package, written in C for Unix machines, provides spectrum analysis, pitch tracking, spectrum display, parameter modification, and additive synthesis. Other programs that estimate the best possible parameters for recreating acoustic sounds using techniques such as multiple FM and wavetable synthesis and extended nonlinear/filter synthesis are outlined. Hybrid instruments created by fashioning sounds out of the recombined spectral characteristics of two or more very different tones are also presented.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document