A Claustro-Frontal Dopamine-Driven Circuit Essential For Contextual Association of Reward

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Terem ◽  
Ben Jerry Gonzales ◽  
Noa Peretz-Rivlin ◽  
Noa Bleistein ◽  
Maria del Mar Reus-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Association

The influence of contextual association on prospective memory

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason L. Hicks ◽  
Richard L. Marsh ◽  
Gabriel I. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Contextual Association

Implementing Background Net with Knowware System for Personalized Keyword Support

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Liya Ding ◽  
Sio-Long Lo ◽  
Dickson K.W. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Search Engine ◽  
Undirected Graph ◽  
Target System ◽  
Component Reuse ◽  
Personal Preference ◽  
Development Tool ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The Given ◽  
Contextual Association

This article proposes a novel approach that combines user’s instant requirement described in keywords with her or his long-term knowledge background to better serve article selection based on personal preference. The knowledge background is represented as a weighted undirected graph called background net that captures the contextual association of words that appear in the articles recommended by the user through incremental learning. With a background net of user constructed, a keyword from the user is personalized to a fuzzy set that represents contextual association of the given keyword to other words involved in the user’s background net. An article evaluation with personal preference can be achieved by evaluating similarity between personalized keyword set based on user’s background net and a candidate article. The proposed approach makes it possible to construct a search engine optimizer running on the top of search engines to adjust search results, and offer the potential to be integrated with existing search engine techniques to achieve better performance. The target system of personalized article selection can be automatically constructed using Knowware System which is a development tool of KBS for convenient modeling and component reuse.

scholarly journals Claustral Neurons Projecting to Frontal Cortex Mediate Contextual Association of Reward

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (18) ◽  
pp. 3522-3532.e6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Terem ◽  
Ben Jerry Gonzales ◽  
Noa Peretz-Rivlin ◽  
Reut Ashwal-Fluss ◽  
Noa Bleistein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Contextual Association

scholarly journals Contextual Identification of Windows Malware through Semantic Interpretation of API Call Sequence

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7673
Author(s):  
Eslam Amer ◽  
Shaker El-Sappagh ◽  
Jong Wan Hu
Keyword(s):  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Heuristic Method ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Call Sequence ◽  
Proper Interpretation ◽  
Contextual Association

The proper interpretation of the malware API call sequence plays a crucial role in identifying its malicious intent. Moreover, there is a necessity to characterize smart malware mimicry activities that resemble goodware programs. Those types of malware imply further challenges in recognizing their malicious activities. In this paper, we propose a standard and straightforward contextual behavioral models that characterize Windows malware and goodware. We relied on the word embedding to realize the contextual association that may occur between API functions in malware sequences. Our empirical results proved that there is a considerable distinction between malware and goodware call sequences. Based on that distinction, we propose a new method to detect malware that relies on the Markov chain. We also propose a heuristic method that identifies malware’s mimicry activities by tracking the likelihood behavior of a given API call sequence. Experimental results showed that our proposed model outperforms other peer models that rely on API call sequences. Our model returns an average malware detection accuracy of 0.990, with a false positive rate of 0.010. Regarding malware mimicry, our model shows an average noteworthy accuracy of 0.993 in detecting false positives.

Connecting Fragments: a Sensorial Approach to the Materialization of Religious Beliefs in Rural Mesopotamia at the Beginning of the Second Millennium BC

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Laneri
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Economic Domain ◽  
Contextual Association

The materialization of religious beliefs is a complex process involving an active dialectic between ideas and practices that are physically engraved in the artefactual remains of ritual activities. However, this process is relevant only if it is based on a contextual association of elements (e.g. the performance of ceremonial activities, the creation of symbolic objects, the construction of ceremonial spaces) that validates the meaning of each component as part of a whole. Thus, archaeologists should try to connect these elements to form a network of meanings that stimulated the senses of ancient individuals in framing their cognitive perception of the divine. The study here presented will thus tackle such general theoretical tenets focusing particularly on the importance of the materialization of religious beliefs in constructing the ideological and economic domain of small-scale societies in rural contexts. In so doing, these topics will be confronted and developed through the analysis and interpretation of the archaeological data obtained from the Middle Bronze Age (c. 2000-1600 BC) architectural complex at the northern Mesopotamian site of Hirbemerdon Tepe, located along the upper Tigris river valley region in modern southeastern Turkey.

scholarly journals Cortical Integration of Contextual Information across Objects

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 948-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomer Livne ◽  
Moshe Bar
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Medial Lobe ◽  
Parahippocampal Cortex ◽  
Contextual Association ◽  
Processing Of Visual Information

Recognizing objects in the environment and understanding our surroundings often depends on context: the presence of other objects and knowledge about their relations with each other. Such contextual information activates a set of medial lobe brain regions, the parahippocampal cortex and the retrosplenial complex. Both regions are more activated by single objects with a unique contextual association than by objects not associated with any specific context. Similarly they are more activated by spatially coherent arrangements of objects when those are consistent with their known spatial relations. The current study tested how context in multiple-object displays is represented in these regions in the absence of relevant spatial information. Using an fMRI slow-event-related design, we show that the precuneus (a subpart of the retrosplenial complex) is more activated by simultaneously presented contextually related objects than by unrelated objects. This suggests that the representation of context in this region is cumulative, representing integrated information across objects in the display. We discuss these findings in relation to processing of visual information and relate them to previous findings of contextual effects in perception.

Implementing Background Net with Knowware System for Personalized Keyword Support

2013 ◽  
pp. 120-133
Author(s):  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Liya Ding ◽  
Sio-Long Lo ◽  
Dickson K.W. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Search Engine ◽  
Incremental Learning ◽  
Target System ◽  
Component Reuse ◽  
Personal Preference ◽  
Development Tool ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The Given ◽  
Contextual Association

This article proposes a novel approach that combines user’s instant requirement described in keywords with her or his long-term knowledge background to better serve article selection based on personal preference. The knowledge background is represented as a weighted undirected graph called background net that captures the contextual association of words that appear in the articles recommended by the user through incremental learning. With a background net of user constructed, a keyword from the user is personalized to a fuzzy set that represents contextual association of the given keyword to other words involved in the user’s background net. An article evaluation with personal preference can be achieved by evaluating similarity between personalized keyword set based on user’s background net and a candidate article. The proposed approach makes it possible to construct a search engine optimizer running on the top of search engines to adjust search results, and offer the potential to be integrated with existing search engine techniques to achieve better performance. The target system of personalized article selection can be automatically constructed using Knowware System which is a development tool of KBS for convenient modeling and component reuse.

Lord Cochrane: Critic of San Martín’s Peruvian Campaign

1962 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-351
Author(s):  
James C. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Simon Bolivar ◽  
Part Time ◽  
San Martín ◽  
Contextual Association

Peru had two fathers of independence, José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar, and a part-time midwife in Thomas Cochrane the tenth Earl of Dundonald. Antonio José de Sucre, another important midwife, came on to the Peruvian scene after Cochrane had left for that reason is not dealt with in this article. Since the destinies of Peru and Chile were so closely entwined as embryonic nations, one would expect that the wars of independence might have created a mutuality of interest. The purpose here is to study this relationship and its contextual association with the animosity between the lesser known Cochrane and the famous San Martin.

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